2023

August 14, 2023
3 min read

Zero Knowledge Proofs (zk-SNARKs) - Unveiling the Math Behind DeFi

In the rapidly evolving landscape of blockchain technology, innovations continue to emerge that reshape industries and redefine possibilities. One such innovation that's making waves in the decentralized finance (DeFi) space is Zero Knowledge Proofs, particularly zk-SNARKs (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge). These cryptographic marvels, founded on intricate mathematical foundations, are the driving force behind the seamless functioning of DeFi platforms. In this article, we will embark on a journey to understand the essential math behind zk-SNARKs, their applications in DeFi, and the revolutionary potential they bring to the blockchain ecosystem.

Traditional Trading vs. Limitations of Order Books

To set the stage, let's consider traditional trading systems that heavily rely on order books. These books match buy and sell orders, but in the context of blockchain, they face limitations due to the sheer volume of transactions and potential liquidity fragmentation. However, zk-SNARKs offer a way to overcome these limitations and introduce a new paradigm in trading.

The Power of zk-SNARKs: Understanding the Math

At the heart of zk-SNARKs lies the concept of a Zero Knowledge Proof, a method of proving that a statement is true without revealing any actual information about the statement itself. For instance, imagine a scenario where someone claims to know a solution to a complex polynomial equation. Using a Zero Knowledge Proof, they can convince others of their claim's validity without disclosing the solution itself. This is akin to proving you possess a treasure map without showing its contents.

To grasp zk-SNARKs, we need to delve into mathematical concepts like modular arithmetic and discrete logarithm problems. These concepts allow us to perform computations and validate proofs while maintaining confidentiality. Modular arithmetic involves working within a specific range of numbers, much like reading a clock, where 2 o'clock plus 11 o'clock equals 1 o'clock. Similarly, zk-SNARKs use mathematical techniques to prove assertions while revealing minimal information, making them invaluable for privacy-focused applications.

Zero Knowledge Proofs in DeFi: A Game-Changer

So, how do zk-SNARKs revolutionize DeFi? Let's explore a few key applications:

1. Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs) and Automated Market Makers (AMMs)

Traditional exchanges face challenges due to the constant need for transaction updates and the fragmentation of liquidity caused by different price options. zk-SNARKs enable the creation of Automated Market Makers (AMMs) that use mathematical formulas, like the Constant Product Market Maker, to determine prices based on supply and demand. This eliminates the need for order books and enables seamless trading with improved liquidity.

2. Lending and Borrowing Protocols

In DeFi lending, zk-SNARKs can enforce loan repayment without compromising user privacy. Lenders can require borrowers to over-collateralize loans and ensure interest payments. This eliminates the need for intermediaries and enables trustless lending while preserving user confidentiality.

3. Tokenized Assets and Identity Verification

zk-SNARKs can be employed to tokenize real-world assets on the blockchain while ensuring that only authorized individuals can access and trade these assets. This paves the way for secure and efficient asset management and cross-border transactions.

4. Scalability and Privacy

One of the most significant challenges in blockchain is achieving both scalability and privacy. zk-SNARKs offer a potential solution by allowing off-chain computations while providing cryptographic proofs on-chain. This enhances transaction throughput and reduces congestion while maintaining the privacy of sensitive data.

The Road Ahead: Empowering a New Era of DeFi

In conclusion, zk-SNARKs represent a groundbreaking advancement in the realm of blockchain technology, with implications far beyond the realm of DeFi. Their ability to prove complex statements without revealing underlying information opens the door to unparalleled privacy, scalability, and security in various applications. As the blockchain ecosystem continues to evolve, zk-SNARKs are poised to play a pivotal role in shaping a new era of decentralized finance and beyond. It's a testament to the power of mathematics to unlock innovation and transform industries.

August 14, 2023
in zh
1 min read

零知識證明 (zk-SNARKs) - 揭開DeFi背後的數學原理

在快速變化的區塊鏈技術景象中，不斷出現的創新正在重塑產業，並提供無限可能。在分散式金融(DeFi)領域引起關注的創新就是零知識證明，尤其是zk-SNARKs（Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge），這些建立在精密數學基礎上的密碼技術奇蹟是DeFi平台無縫運營的驅動力。在本文中，我們將開始一次探索之旅，了解zk-SNARKs背後的基礎數學原理，它們在DeFi中的應用，以及它們對區塊鏈生態系統帶來的革命性潛力。

傳統交易與掛單書的限制

首先，讓我們考慮依賴掛單書的傳統交易系統。這些書將買賣單匹配起來，但在區塊鏈的語境中，由於交易量巨大以及可能存在的流動性碎片化，它們面臨著限制。然而， zk-SNARKs提供了一種克服這些限制並在交易中引入新范式的方法。

zk-SNARKs的力量：理解數學原理

在zk-SNARKs的核心是零知識證明的概念，這是一種證明陳述為真，而不揭示任何實際建議的方法。例如，想像一個人聲稱知道一個複雜的多項式方程的解。使用零知識證明，他們可以使他人相信他們的主張的有效性，而不用揭示解決方案本身。這就像證明你擁有一張藏寶圖，但不顯示其內容一樣。

要理解zk-SNARKs，我們需要深入學習像模數運算和離散對數問題這樣的數學概念。這些概念讓我們能在保密的前提下進行運算和驗證證明。模數運算需要在一定範圍的數字內進行操作，就像看時鐘一樣，兩點鐘加十一點鐘等於一點鐘。類似地，zk-SNARKs使用數學技術來證明命題，同時暴露最小信息，使它們對於注重隱私的應用來說無比寶貴。

DeFi中的零知識證明：改變規則的遊戲

那麼，zk-SNARKs如何改變DeFi？讓我們探討幾個關鍵的應用：

1.分散式交易所 (DEXs) 和自動化做市商 (AMMs)

傳統交易所由於需要不斷更新交易並面臨由於差異化價格選項引起的流動性碎片化的挑戰。zk-SNARKs能夠創建使用像定量商品做市商等數學公式的自動化做市商來依據供應和需求決定價格。這消除了對掛單書的需要，並實現了流動性更好的無縫交易。

2.貸款和借貸協議

在DeFi中，zk-SNARKs的貸款可以強制還款，而不會危及用戶隱私。貸款人可以要求借款人提供超額抵押，並確保利息支付。這使得中間人不再必需，並實現了信任自由的貸款，同時保護用戶的機密性。

3.代幣化資產和身份驗證

zk-SNARKs可以被用於在區塊鏈上將真實世界的資產代幣化，並確保只有經過授權的個人才能訪問和交易這些資產。這為資產管理及跨國交易的安全和高效鋪平了道路。

4.可擴展性和隱私

區塊鏈中一個最大的挑戰是實現可擴展性與隱私兩者的平衡。 zk-SNARKs提供了一個可能的解決方案，允許將運算在區塊鏈之外進行，與之同時在鏈上提供密碼學證明。這提高了交易吞吐量，減少了擁塞，同時保護了敏感數據的隱私。

前面的路：賦權一個新的DeFi時代

總之，zk-SNARK區塊鏈技術領域內的一個劃時代的進步，其影響遠遠超出了DeFi的範疇。他們在不揭示基本信息的情況下證明複雜的語句的能力，為不同應用領域帶來了前所未有的隱私、可擴展性和安全性。隨著區塊鏈生態系統的不斷發展， zk-SNARK確定將在形塑新一代分散式金融和更廣泛的範疇上發揮關鍵作用。這證明了數學解鎖創新和改變產業的力量。

August 10, 2023
3 min read

Exploring Jaeger - Unveiling the Power of Open-Source End-to-End Distributed Tracing

In the dynamic landscape of modern software development, the need for efficient monitoring and debugging tools has never been more pronounced. As applications evolve into complex distributed systems, understanding the interactions between various components becomes essential. Enter Jaeger, an open-source end-to-end distributed tracing system designed to help developers gain deep insights into the performance and behavior of their applications. In this blog post, we'll take a closer look at Jaeger, its features, benefits, and how it empowers developers to achieve superior observability in their systems.

Understanding Distributed Tracing

Distributed tracing is a technique that allows developers to track the flow of requests as they travel through various components of a distributed system. It provides a detailed view of how individual requests traverse different services, databases, and external dependencies. By capturing timing information and contextual data, distributed tracing helps diagnose performance bottlenecks, latency issues, and even uncover the root causes of failures.

Introducing Jaeger

Jaeger, originally developed by Uber Technologies and now part of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF), is an open-source platform that offers distributed tracing capabilities. Named after the German word for "hunter," Jaeger is aptly named as it hunts down the complexities of distributed systems, enabling developers to explore the intricacies of requests and uncover potential problems.

Key Features of Jaeger

End-to-End Visibility: Jaeger enables developers to follow the entire journey of a request across different services and components, providing a holistic view of the system's behavior.
Latency Analysis: With detailed timing information, Jaeger helps pinpoint where bottlenecks and delays occur in the application's interactions, making it easier to optimize performance.
Contextual Information: Jaeger captures contextual data, including metadata, tags, and logs, allowing developers to correlate trace data with logs and metrics for a comprehensive understanding of issues.
Service Dependency Mapping: The system generates visualizations that illustrate the dependencies between various services, offering insights into the architecture's complexity.
Sampling Strategies: To prevent overwhelming the tracing system, Jaeger allows for flexible sampling strategies, letting developers choose which traces to capture based on probability or other criteria.
Integration with Ecosystem: Jaeger seamlessly integrates with other observability tools and frameworks, such as Prometheus and Grafana, enhancing the overall monitoring and debugging experience.
Scalability and Performance: Designed to handle high loads, Jaeger is built to scale horizontally, ensuring minimal impact on the performance of the traced applications.

Benefits of Jaeger

Troubleshooting Made Easier: With its detailed trace data, Jaeger accelerates root cause analysis, making it easier to identify the sources of performance bottlenecks and failures.
Optimized Performance: By highlighting latency issues and inefficiencies, Jaeger empowers developers to fine-tune their applications for optimal performance.
Enhanced Collaboration: Jaeger's visual representations of service interactions facilitate communication between development, operations, and other teams, fostering collaboration.
Real-World Insights: Distributed tracing provides a realistic view of how users experience an application, enabling developers to make informed decisions about feature improvements and optimizations.
Early Detection of Issues: Detecting anomalies early on becomes possible with Jaeger's continuous monitoring, leading to faster issue resolution and improved system reliability.

Conclusion

In the era of distributed computing, gaining deep insights into the behavior and performance of complex applications is essential for maintaining user satisfaction and system reliability. Jaeger, an open-source end-to-end distributed tracing system, equips developers with the tools they need to understand and optimize their systems efficiently. By offering end-to-end visibility, latency analysis, and contextual information, Jaeger empowers teams to proactively address performance bottlenecks and enhance the overall quality of their applications. As the software landscape continues to evolve, tools like Jaeger play a pivotal role in ensuring the success of distributed systems.

August 10, 2023
in zh
1 min read

探索Jaeger - 揭示開源端到端分布式追蹤的力量

在現代軟體開發的動態景觀中，對有效的監控和偵錯工具的需求從未如此明顯。隨著應用程式演變成複雜的分佈式系統，理解各種元件之間的互動變得至關重要。進入Jaeger，這是一個開源端到端分佈式追蹤系統，旨在幫助開發人員深入了解其應用程式的性能和行為。在本部落格文章中，我們將更深入地研究Jaeger，它的特性，優點，以及它如何賦予開發人員在他們的系統中達到卓越的可觀測性。

了解分佈式追蹤

分佈式追蹤是一種技術，可以讓開發人員追蹤請求在分佈式系統的各種元件中的流動情況。它提供了如何讓單個請求穿越不同服務、數據庫和外部依賴性的詳細視圖。通過擷取時間信息和上下文數據，分佈式追蹤有助於診斷性能瓶頸、延遲問題，甚至揭示故障的根本原因。

介紹Jaeger

Jaeger最初由Uber技術公司開發，現為雲端原生運算基金會（CNCF）的一部分，是一個提供分佈式追蹤功能的開源平台。Jaeger這個名字來自德語的「獵人」，不愧為此名，因為它追尋分佈式系統的複雜性，使開發人員能夠探索請求的微妙之處並揭示潛在的問題。

Jaeger的主要功能

端到端可視性：Jaeger使開發人員可以跟蹤一個請求在不同服務和元件之間的整個旅程，提供系統行為的全局視圖。
延遲分析：憑藉詳細的時間信息，Jaeger有助於確定應用程式互動中的瓶頸和延遲發生在哪裡，從而更容易優化性能。
上下文信息：Jaeger捕獲上下文數據，包括元數據、標籤和日誌，使開發人員能夠將跟踪數據與日誌和指標相關聯，以全面理解問題。
服務依賴性映射：該系統生成了視覺化圖表，說明了各種服務之間的依賴關係，提供了有關架構複雜性的見解。
抽樣策略：為防止超載追蹤系統，Jaeger允許靈活的抽樣策略，讓開發人員基於概率或其他標準選擇要捕獲的追蹤。
與生態系統的整合：Jaeger與其他可觀測性工具和框架（如Prometheus和Grafana）無縫集成，提高了整體的監控和調試體驗。
可擴展性和性能：Jaeger被設計為能夠處理高負載，並且可以水平擴展，以確保對被追蹤應用程式的性能影響最小。

Jaeger的好處

讓故障排除更容易：有了其詳細的跟踪數據，Jaeger可以加快根本原因分析，使得更容易識別性能瓶頸和故障的來源。
最佳化性能：通過突出顯示延遲問題和效率低下的地方，Jaeger賦予了開發人員優化他們的應用程式以達到最佳性能的能力。
加強協作：Jaeger的服務交互的視覺表示促進了開發、運營和其他團隊之間的溝通，促進了協作。
真實的見解：分佈式追蹤提供了用戶如何體驗一個應用程式的真實視圖，使開發人員能夠對功能改進和優化做出明智的決策。
早期發現問題：有了Jaeger的持續監控，可以提早發現異常，從而更快地解決問題，提高系統的可靠性。

總結

在分佈式計算的時代，對複雜應用程式的行為和性能有深入的理解對於維護用戶滿意度和系統可靠性至關重要。Jaeger是一個開源的端到端分佈式追蹤系統，為開發人員提供了他們需要的工具，以有效地理解和優化他們的系統。通過提供端到端的可見性、延遲分析和上下文信息，Jaeger使團隊能夠積極地處理性能瓶頸並提高應用程式的整體質量。隨著軟體景觀的不斷變化，像Jaeger這樣的工具在確保分佈式系統成功中起著至關重要的作用。

August 8, 2023
3 min read

How We Learn? Unveiling Paths for Personal and Organizational Growth

In the ceaseless journey of life, learning stands as the cornerstone of evolution. Whether as individuals or organizations, the process of learning shapes our growth, innovation, and adaptation to an ever-changing world. But what are the ingredients that catalyze this transformative process? Let's delve into the four essential ways individuals learn and the corresponding mindset shifts for organizations to flourish in the dynamic landscape of the future.

Four Ways to Learn as an Individual

1. Challenging Experience

Growth rarely emerges from comfort zones. It is the crucible of challenging experiences that fosters resilience and deep learning. When faced with unfamiliar situations, we're compelled to think creatively, adapt swiftly, and overcome obstacles. Such experiences cultivate a broader perspective and enrich our problem-solving abilities.

2. Opportunities to Practice

Practice makes perfect, they say. Engaging in deliberate practice allows us to refine our skills, whether in sports, arts, or professions. It's through consistent effort and repetition that we become proficient and even excel in our chosen endeavors.

3. Creative Conversation

Conversations spark ideas, ignite debates, and facilitate knowledge exchange. Engaging in thoughtful discussions with diverse viewpoints broadens our horizons and encourages innovative thinking. Collaborative dialogue nurtures the cross-pollination of ideas, ultimately leading to unique solutions.

4. Time for Reflection

In the hustle and bustle of modern life, reflection often takes a back seat. Yet, it's during moments of introspection that we consolidate our experiences, assess our progress, and identify areas for improvement. By examining our actions and their consequences, we pave the way for meaningful personal growth.

Mindset Shifts for Learning Organizations

1. From Profit to Purpose

Shifting focus from mere profit to a deeper sense of purpose empowers organizations to align their efforts with societal needs. When a company's mission transcends financial gains and contributes positively to the world, it becomes a source of inspiration for employees and customers alike.

2. From Hierarchies to Networks

Rigid hierarchies stifle creativity and limit the flow of ideas. Embracing a networked structure encourages collaboration across departments and levels, facilitating the exchange of expertise and fostering a culture of continuous learning.

3. From Planning to Experimentation

In an era of rapid change, rigid long-term planning may lead to missed opportunities. Embracing experimentation allows organizations to test innovative ideas, learn from failures, and adapt swiftly to evolving circumstances. This mindset fosters a culture of innovation and adaptability.

4. From Privacy to Transparency

Transparency builds trust and accountability within organizations. Open communication and sharing of information empower employees to make informed decisions, encourage collective problem-solving, and ensure everyone is aligned with the organization's goals.

Learning for the Future

Tomorrow is not a replica of today; it's a canvas of possibilities waiting to be painted. As we adapt to the evolving landscape, the four ways of learning for individuals and the mindset shifts for organizations offer a compass to navigate the uncharted waters of the future. Whether through challenging experiences, purpose-driven efforts, or creative conversations, these principles unlock the potential for growth, innovation, and positive change.

Unleashing Your Learning Potential

Incorporating these principles into your personal and professional life requires a conscious effort to harness your learning potential. When you share your thoughts, find your voice, muster the courage to express yourself, and work towards clarity of thought. Engaging with pen and paper in this digital age offers a tactile connection to your ideas, enhancing your introspection and understanding.

As we embrace the art of learning, both as individuals and as members of learning organizations, we embark on a transformative journey. The path to personal and collective growth is paved with challenges, conversations, practice, reflection, and bold mindset shifts. With these tools at hand, we're equipped to shape a future that thrives on innovation, purpose, and continuous evolution.

August 8, 2023
in zh
1 min read

我們如何學習？揭示個人與組織成長的途徑

在無盡的人生旅程中，學習被視為進化的基石。無論是作為個人還是組織，學習的過程構築了我們的成長、創新和應對瞬息萬變世界的適應力。然而，究竟哪些要素能催化這個轉型過程呢？我們一起深入探討個人學習的四種重要方式以及組織在未來動態環境中茁壯成長所需的相應思維轉變。

作為個人學習的四種途徑

1. 挑戰經驗

成長很少從舒適區內浮現。正是面對挑戰的經驗鍛造了我們的韌性和深度學習。當面臨陌生的情況，我們被迫創新思考，迅速適應，並克服障礙。這種經驗培養了我們更廣闊的視野，並豐富了我們的問題解決能力。

2. 實踐的機會

熟能生巧，這話一點也不假。投入於刻意的實踐，使我們能夠磨練我們的技能，無論是在體育、藝術還是職業中。通過持續的努力和反覆的練習，我們變得熟練，甚至在我們選擇的事業中出類拔萃。

3. 創造性的對話

對話激發創意，引發辯論，並促進知識的交流。與具有各種觀點的人進行深思熟慮的討論可以開闊我們的視野，並激發創新思維。協同對話培養出思想的交叉傳播，最終導致獨特的解決方案。

4. 沉思的時間

在現代生活的忙碌與囂張中，沉思往往被排在後面。然而，正是在反思的時刻，我們整合自己的經驗，評估我們的進步，並識別需要改進的地方。通過檢視我們的行為和他們的後果，我們為富有意義的個人成長鋪平道路。

學習型組織的思維轉變

1. 從利潤到目的

將焦點從單純的利潤轉向更深層次的目的，使組織能夠將其努力與社會需求相結合。當一家公司的使命超越財務收益，並對世界產生積極影響時，它就成為員工和顧客的靈感之源。

2. 從等級制度到網絡

僵化的階層結構壓制創造力並限制思想的流動。採用網絡結構鼓勵部門和各層級之間的協作，便於知識交流，並培養持續學習的文化。

3. 從計劃到實驗

在瞬變的時代，過於嚴格的長期計劃可能會使機會流失。擁抱實驗讓組織可以測試創新的想法，從失敗中學習，並迅速適應不斷變化的情況。這種思維方式培養了一種創新和適應性的文化。

4. 從隱私到透明度

透明度建立了組織內部的信任和問責制。公開的溝通和信息共享使員工能夠做出明智的決定，鼓勵集體解決問題，並確保每個人都與組織的目標保持一致。

面向未來的學習

明天並不是今天的翻版；它是一個等待繪畫的可能性的畫布。隨著我們適應進化的環境，個人的學習方式和組織的思維轉變提供了一個指南，引領我們在未來的未知水域中航行。無論是通過挑戰的經驗、有目的的努力，還是創造性的對話，這些原則都解鎖了成長、創新和積極改變的潛力。

釋放您的學習潛能

將這些原則融入您的個人和專業生活需要深思熟慮地激發您的學習潛能。當你分享你的想法，找到你的聲音，鼓起勇氣表達自己，并努力尋求思想的清晰。在這個數字時代，用筆和紙的方式表達思想為你的想法提供了一種有形的連接，增強了你的反思和理解。

當我們擁抱作為個人和學習型組織成員的學習藝術時，我們開始踏上一個革命性的旅程。個人和集體成長的道路充滿了挑戰，對話，實踐，反思，和大膽的思維轉變。手握這些工具，我們有能力塑造一個依靠創新、目的和持續進化而茁壯成長的未來。

August 6, 2023
3 min read

Unveiling Value Creation in Consumption - Rethinking Disruption in Traditional Sectors

In today's interconnected world, the concept of value has taken on a whole new meaning, especially in the realm of consumption. While the digital age has transformed numerous industries, some sectors like healthcare and education seem to have resisted significant disruption. This resistance can be attributed to the stronghold of established institutional structures, the inherent value of human and physical assets, and a labyrinth of complex regulations that discourage quick and radical changes. This article delves into the challenges and prospects of disrupting these traditional sectors and explores the nuanced interplay between value, data, and the evolving market landscape.

The Status Quo of Disruption

It's undeniable that many sectors have undergone massive transformations due to digital innovations. However, when it comes to industries like healthcare and education, the disruption has been more incremental than revolutionary. Existing institutions still dominate the distribution of information and resources, hindering direct access to underutilized assets. This status quo underscores the need for platforms that can bypass these institutions and create avenues for direct sharing and distribution, thereby enhancing value creation.

Digitalization vs. Digital Transformation

Health apps and educational websites have undoubtedly digitized certain aspects of these sectors, making information more accessible. However, true disruption necessitates digital transformation - a radical reimagining of how these sectors operate. The mere digitalization of processes doesn't address the core challenges posed by institutional structures and complex regulations. Achieving genuine disruption would require a radical shift in organizational paradigms and overcoming these hurdles to create meaningful value.

The Value of Data

In the digital era, data has emerged as a new form of currency. Advertisers exploit user data from Google searches, Facebook likes, and other digital footprints to tailor targeted advertisements and influence behavior. This data forms the bedrock of the market, driving various purposes such as trading insights, predictive user preferences, and optimized advertising. However, the ethical implications of this data usage cannot be ignored. The tension between personalized experiences, data generation, and profit creation raises concerns about the ethical use of data and the potentially parasitic nature of profit generation.

Co-Creation of Value

In the modern landscape, value creation is not a one-way street. Customers actively engage with platforms, generating data and contributing to the co-creation of value. This engagement results in a mutually beneficial relationship, where customers receive personalized experiences and companies benefit from enhanced profit margins. However, the asymmetry of power between companies and customers, coupled with data privacy concerns, underscores the need for ethical considerations and transparent data practices.

Conclusion

The idea of value creation in consumption has undergone a significant evolution in the digital age. While healthcare and education have been slow to embrace disruptive changes, the need for true digital transformation remains undeniable. Overcoming entrenched institutional structures, navigating complex regulations, and reimagining value in terms of data utilization are critical steps toward disrupting these traditional sectors. Striking a balance between co-creating value with customers and ensuring ethical data practices will shape the trajectory of disruption and its impact on society. As we navigate this dynamic landscape, it's imperative to acknowledge that the pursuit of innovation must be accompanied by a commitment to ethical values and responsible data usage.

August 6, 2023
in zh
1 min read

揭示消費中的價值創造 - 重新思考傳統行業的破壞性創新

在今天的互聯世界中，價值的概念已經具有全新的含義，尤其在消費領域。雖然數位時代已經改變了許多行業，但醫療保健和教育等領域似乎抵擋了重大的破壞。這種抵抗可以歸因於碩大無比的機構結構，人力和實物資產的內在價值，以及阻礙迅速和根本變革的繁瑣規則。本文深入探討了破壞性創新這些傳統領域的挑戰與前景，並探索價值、數據與不斷變化的市場景觀之間的微妙互動。

破壞性的現狀

無可否認，許多行業因數位創新而經歷了巨大的變革。然而，對於像醫療保健和教育這樣的行業來說，破壞性變革更多地是增量式的而不是革命性的。現有的機構仍控制著信息和資源的分配，阻礙直接訪問被低利用的資產。這種現狀凸顯了需要能夠繞過這些機構，並創造直接共享和分配的平台，從而提升價值創造的必要性。

數位化與數位轉型

健康應用程式和教育網站無疑已經數位化了這些領域的某些方面，使信息更容易取得。然而，真正的破壞性變革需要數位轉型 - 對這些領域運作方式的徹底重新構想。僅僅對流程進行數位化並不能解決機構結構和複雜規定所帶來的核心問題。要實現真正的破壞性變革，需要對組織範式進行激進的改變並克服這些障礙，以創造有意義的價值。

數據的價值

在數位時代，數據已經成為新的貨幣。廣告商利用來自Google搜索、Facebook點贊和其他數位足跡的用戶數據，對廣告進行定制並影響行為。這些數據是市場的基石，驅動著多種目的，如交易洞察、預測用戶偏好和優化廣告。然而，我們不可忽視這種數據使用的道德含義。個性化體驗、數據創造與利潤創建之間的張力引起了對數據使用道德和潛在寄生般的利潤生成方式的顧慮。

共同創造價值

在現代的景觀中，創造價值並非一條單向道路。客戶主動與平台互動，產生數據並貢獻於價值的共同創造。這種參與導致了一種互利的關係，客戶接收到個性化的體驗，公司則從提高的利潤邊際獲利。然而，公司與客戶之間的權力不對稱以及數據隱私的疑慮，凸顯了需要道德考量和透明數據實踐的必要性。

結論

在數位時代，消費中價值創造的觀念經歷了重大變革。醫療保健和教育這些行業在接受破壞性變革方面進展遲緩，真正數位轉型的需求是不可否認的。克服根深蒂固的機構結構，導航繁瑣的規則，並重新構想數據利用方式的價值，將是破壞性創新這些傳統行業的關鍵步驟。在與客戶共創價值與確保數據實踐道德之間取得平衡，將塑造破壞性變革的軌跡以及其對社會的影響。在我們航行在這個動態的景觀中，必須承認追求創新必須伴隨對道德價值和負責任的數據使用的承諾。

August 5, 2023
3 min read

Shifting from Goods-Dominant to Service-Dominant Perspective

In the ever-evolving landscape of business, approaches and paradigms that once served as the cornerstone of success can quickly become obsolete. One such paradigm shift that has gained prominence is the transition from a Goods-Dominant approach to a Service-Dominant approach. This transformation is not just a matter of semantics; it's a fundamental reimagining of how businesses create, deliver, and capture value.

The Goods-Dominant Approach: A Paradigm of Exchange

In the traditional Goods-Dominant approach, businesses viewed their offerings, whether products or equipment, as inherently valuable entities. The focus was on the tangible item being exchanged and its immediate value at the point of exchange. The emphasis was primarily on the physical product, with less consideration for what happened after the exchange. This approach often neglected the role of customer engagement and the broader ecosystem in which the product operated.

The Service-Dominant Approach: Shifting Towards Value-in-Use

Contrastingly, the Service-Dominant approach introduces a radical shift in perspective. It posits that value is not inherent in the product itself, but rather in its utility and application – in other words, its value-in-use. From this viewpoint, the firm's offering is seen as a proposition for customers to realize value through their interactions with the product or service. Until the point where the customer derives value from its use, the offering remains only a potential source of value.

Navigating Disruption: The Pitfalls of Goods-Dominant Thinking

When facing disruption, businesses often need to rethink their strategies, products, and operations to stay competitive. However, approaching disruption through a Goods-Dominant lens might lead to less successful outcomes. This perspective tends to emphasize the transactional nature of resources and exchange value, inadvertently overshadowing the customer's role in realizing the value proposition.

The Goods-Dominant approach might not be the optimal strategy for achieving joint outcomes with customers, especially when the evolving landscape demands collaboration and shared responsibilities between businesses and customers. This one-sided focus on exchange can hinder the ability to adapt to disruption, as it overlooks the evolving needs and expectations of customers in a changing environment.

Embracing Disruption through a Service-Dominant Mindset

To navigate disruption effectively, businesses must adopt a Service-Dominant mindset that centers on the value-creating service system. This perspective acknowledges that all entities, whether products or people, contribute services to the larger ecosystem, which collectively generate outcomes. Such an approach promotes a deeper understanding of the customer's needs, behaviors, and aspirations, thereby creating more engaging and meaningful interactions.

The shift to a Service-Dominant approach encourages businesses to evolve beyond their conventional roles as providers and become collaborators in value creation. This means co-designing value propositions with customers and actively participating in the customer's journey to ensure the realization of value-in-use. By cultivating this engagement, businesses position themselves to discover innovative value propositions that align with the evolving needs of customers.

Conclusion

In an era where disruption is the norm rather than the exception, clinging to traditional Goods-Dominant perspectives can hinder a business's ability to thrive. The transition to a Service-Dominant approach empowers businesses to be more agile, responsive, and collaborative, setting the stage for innovative value creation in partnership with their customers. By embracing disruption with an open mind and a service-centric outlook, businesses can not only survive but also flourish in the face of uncertainty.

August 5, 2023
in zh
1 min read