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金融科技安全與監管建議

我想提供建議,指導當局如何處理新加坡金融業的虛擬銀行應用。由於銀行業高度監管的性質,虛擬銀行創新與監管之間的關係經常處於緊張狀態。大家普遍認同,監管機構是必要的,可以減少與新的商業模式和金融產品相關的風險和未預見的後果。我建議監管機構與金融科技行業的快速變化保持步調。

虛擬銀行給監管市場參與者運營方式的監管機構帶來了新的問題。這使得監管機構必須仔細評估金融服務行業新興技術帶來的風險。雖然雲技術提供了前所未有的可能性,但也帶來了新的風險。

應考慮四大監管的動機:不確定性,資源衝突,破壞性和未預見的事件,以及公眾利益。採用雲技術將徹底改變金融系統的運營方式,需要采取保護措施防止因未預見的事件導致的系統崩潰。

更具體地說,應該採取預防性措施,保護虛擬銀行消費者免受完全市場驅動系統的弊端。在金融科技部門內進行監控有許多好處,但實施有效的監管仍然面臨重大挑戰。

許多市場參與者可能對監管持懷疑態度,認為這可能阻礙他們的前景或運營。因此,為金融科技行業實施具有洞察力的監管並不會一帆風順。監管機構可以考慮三種對金融科技創新的方法:

  1. 基於規則的系統:監管機構設定嚴格的規則和程序,市場參與者必須遵守。

  2. 基於原則的系統:監管機構提供指導市場參與者的原則,允許他們在履行其監管責任時有一定的自由。

  3. 基於績效的系統:監管機構為市場參與者設定特定的標準,市場參與者需要達到或超越這些標準。

這些方法可以幫助新加坡金融科技行業蓬勃發展。謹慎的監管培育了創新的理想環境,建立信任和促進新的消費品和服務的普及接受。新加坡金融管理局(MAS)的目標是使新加坡成為金融科技創新的“實驗中心”,符合其長期吸引亞太地區金融科技創新者的目標。

在理想狀態下,人們不必在創新和監管之間做出選擇。虛擬銀行可以利用創新技術來簡化監管合規。新興的監管科技(reg-tech)行業提供軟件解決方案,幫助監管機構更高效地行使職責。

隨著監管風景的變化,現有和未來的虛擬銀行需要為日常監管業務的變更做好準備。在政策制定者和金融科技領域的相關人士之間建立開放,尊重的工作關係對於有效採用虛擬銀行至關重要。

在2016年7月,MAS修改了其對金融機構(FI)外包的指導方針,以認識到金融機構可能從雲服務中受益。這些指導方針要求金融機構在使用雲服務時進行盡職調查並實施強健的管治和風險管理流程。

雲安全環境應定期審查,服務應遵從多種行業認證。例如,ISO 27001概述了安全管理的最佳實踐,而ISO 27017和ISO 27018提供了針對雲的具體安全建議。此外,MTCS Level 3和PCI DSS Level 1為新加坡和支付卡行業提供了更進一步的安全標準。

通過將以治理為中心,適合審核的功能與認證和審核標準結合,監管機構可以確保雲供應商的安全控制環境。

MAS指導方針提供了風險管理技巧的建議,包括對雲服務的盡職調查和風險評估。預計金融機構將遵循這些指導方針,並每年或按要求向MAS報告其合規情況。

MAS的技術風險管理(TRM)指導方針和新加坡銀行協會(ABS)雲計算實施指南為雲外包的風險管理,管治和控制提供了額外的指導。

總的來說,每家虛擬銀行走向雲技術的道路都是獨特的。虛擬銀行需要理解他們的現狀,期望狀態,以及從一種狀態過渡到另一種狀態所需的步驟,以便成功實施雲技術。這種理解將幫助虛擬銀行設定目標並開發工作流程,以實現成功的雲遷移。

FinTech Security and Regulation

As a FinTech consultant, I am conducting a study on the security and regulation of virtual banking in the US financial sector. The federal and state governments in the United States have various agencies that regulate and oversee financial markets and businesses. Each of these agencies has a distinct set of tasks and responsibilities, allowing them to operate independently while pursuing similar objectives.

The United States operates under a "dual banking system," meaning that banks can be chartered by either one of the 50 states or by the federal government. Regardless of who charters the bank, it will have at least one federal supervisor. Below is a list of US banking regulations that virtual banks must adhere to.

Firstly, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) mandates that financial institutions—companies providing financial products or services like loans, financial or investment advice, or insurance—inform their customers about their information-sharing practices and protect sensitive data.

The principal data protection elements of the GLBA are outlined in the Safeguards Rule. The FTC's Privacy of Consumer Financial Information Rule (Privacy Rule) supplements the GLBA by providing additional privacy and security requirements. The GLBA is enforced by the FTC, federal banking agencies, other federal regulatory bodies, and state insurance oversight agencies.

For instance, the Safeguards Rule (16 CFR 314) requires financial institutions under FTC jurisdiction to have safeguards for protecting client information. Companies subject to this rule must ensure that their affiliates and service providers maintain customer data securely and implement their own protective measures.

Additionally, the Financial Privacy Rule (16 CFR Part 313) requires financial institutions to issue specific notices and adhere to certain limitations on the dissemination of nonpublic personal information. Unless an exception applies, financial institutions must inform both affiliated and non-affiliated third parties about their privacy policies and practices and allow consumers to opt out of sharing their nonpublic personal information with nonaffiliated third parties.

Secondly, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA) grants consumers more control over personal data collected by organizations. California consumers now have new privacy rights, including the right to know what personal information a business collects and how it is used and shared; the right to request the deletion of collected personal information (with some exceptions); the right to opt out of the sale of their personal information; and the right to non-discriminatory treatment for exercising their CCPA rights.

In November 2020, Californians voted to enact the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA), which significantly expands existing privacy rules and will take effect on January 1, 2023. It's worth noting that the current "business-to-business" and "HR" exceptions will expire on the same date, making the full range of CPRA standards applicable to these types of personal information, which are currently largely exempt from the CCPA.

Thirdly, the NYDFS Cybersecurity Regulation (23 NYCRR 500) imposes strict cybersecurity standards on financial institutions in New York. Under this regulation, entities like banks, mortgage companies, and insurance providers must implement comprehensive cybersecurity plans and policies and maintain ongoing reporting systems for cybersecurity events.

Fourthly, the Information Technology Examination Handbook's "Outsourcing Technology Services Booklet" offers guidelines to help examiners and bankers evaluate the risk management processes involved in establishing, managing, and monitoring IT outsourcing relationships. Federal financial regulators have the authority to oversee all activities and records of a financial institution, whether performed by the institution itself or by a third party.

Fifthly, another section of the Information Technology Examination Handbook, the "Information Security" booklet, provides guidance on assessing the level of security risks to a financial institution's information systems. It encourages institutions to maintain robust information security programs that are supported by board and senior management, integrated into business processes, and clearly accountable for security tasks.

Sixthly, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) has issued guidelines for its Information Technology Examination Procedures under Compliance Management Review. While institutions can outsource operational aspects of a product or service, they cannot delegate the responsibility for ensuring compliance with federal consumer financial regulations or managing the risks associated with service provider agreements.

In summary, virtual banks operating in the United States must comply with all the aforementioned regulations. This involves interpreting the rules, clarifying them, and preparing the necessary documentation. To achieve compliance, virtual banks will need to thoroughly analyze these requirements and take the appropriate steps to meet them.

Some of the key bank regulations in the United States include the following:

  1. Regulation B: This regulation aims to prevent discrimination in the credit application process. It outlines the procedures lenders must follow when obtaining and processing credit information. Under this regulation, lenders are prohibited from discriminating based on age, gender, race, nationality, or marital status.

  2. Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 via Rule BB: This Federal Reserve regulation encourages banks to lend to low- and moderate-income borrowers. It also requires institutions to disclose the communities they intend to serve and the types of credit they are willing to offer there.

  3. Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975 via Regulation C: This regulation mandates that many financial institutions annually provide loan data about the communities to which they have offered residential mortgages.

  4. Regulation CC: This rule requires depository institutions to make funds available within specified time periods and inform customers about their funds' availability practices. It also includes measures to expedite the collection and return of unpaid checks.

  5. Regulation D: This regulation imposes reserve requirements on certain deposits and other liabilities of depository institutions for monetary policy purposes.

  6. Regulation DD: Financial institutions are obligated to inform customers about annual percentage yields, interest rates, minimum balance requirements, account opening disclosures, and fee schedules. This regulation applies to personal accounts, not corporate or organizational accounts.

  7. Regulation E: This regulation establishes standards for electronic funds transfers, specifying the responsibilities of both consumers and financial institutions. It covers actions consumers must take to report issues and the steps banks must follow to offer remedies.

  8. Regulation H: This rule requires member banks to implement security measures against specific offenses, as outlined by the Bank Protection Act. Member banks are also required to report suspicious activities under this regulation.

  9. Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (SCRA): This federal law protects military personnel as they prepare to enter active service, covering a range of topics such as rental agreements, evictions, and interest rates on various forms of credit.

  10. Bank Secrecy Act (BSA): Also known as the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act, this regulation mandates that financial institutions report certain cash transactions exceeding $10,000.

  11. Unlawful Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA/Regulation GG): This regulation prohibits transactions related to illegal internet gambling.

  12. Regulation M: Known as Subchapter M, this IRS regulation allows investment companies to pass on capital gains, dividends, and interest to individual investors without double taxation.

  13. Regulation O: This rule limits the credit extensions that a member bank can offer to its executive officers, major shareholders, and directors.

  14. Regulation T: This regulation governs investor cash accounts and the credit that brokerages may extend for the purchase of securities.

  15. Regulation U: This regulation restricts the leverage that can be used in buying securities with loans secured by those securities.

  16. Regulation V: This rule requires all entities that provide information to consumer reporting agencies to ensure the information is accurate.

  17. Regulation W: This Federal Reserve regulation restricts certain transactions between banks and their affiliates.

  18. Regulation X: This sets credit limits for foreign individuals or organizations purchasing U.S. Treasury securities.

  19. Regulation Y: This governs the conduct of corporate bank holding companies and some state-member banks.

  20. Regulation Z: Also known as the Truth in Lending Act, this regulation aims to ensure that loan terms are communicated clearly, enabling consumers to easily compare credit arrangements.

In conclusion, the above overview outlines the U.S. banking authorities and regulations that virtual banks must comply with.

作為經理的操作手冊

我最近完成了一門成為完整經理的在線課程。一個寶貴的課程,就是創建一份明確設計來幫助其他人理解與我一起工作的最佳方式的操作手冊的重要性。這份手冊有助於加強我與我的團隊成員建立關係。我在一對一的對話中分享這份手冊,進一步強化我的關係的韌性,且在衝突發生時能更快地恢復信任。

工作方式 -溝通

接收反饋的偏好

  • 誠實且總是樂觀地面對。
  • 沒有驚喜。提早且經常性地溝通問題;我無法修正我不知道的事情。
  • 具體且使用實例而不是模糊的爭論。將對我任何假設明確表達。

給予反饋的偏好

  • 選擇在1對1的私人會議中,而不是在團隊的設定中。
  • 基於事實而不是主觀偏見來討論。應該理性,而不是情緒化。
  • 提供建設性的建議。

溝通的方式

  • 使用Slack作為團隊內部信息,並盡快回覆。快問題將透過Slack 提出。
  • 使用電子郵件來應對外部客戶和Google Meet進行深入討論。提前通知我以便我做好準備。
  • 保留在離線互動的社交活動和團隊建設。我不會在非辦公時間透過 WhatsApp 聯繫我的團隊。

工作方式 -時間管理

  • 我最佳的獨立工作,如軟件開發或文件撰寫的集中時間是在早晨。如有急事,請隨時打斷我。
  • 我在下午的團隊會議或隨和的聊天中最佳的合作時間,這些都是團隊建設活動。

日曆安排

  • 發送Google日曆邀請,並接受或拒絕他們。如果時間不佳,提議新的時間。
  • 如果你不能出席,請提前拒絕邀請並提供簡短的說明。
  • 我通常會準時到達會議。如果我預見將會遲到,我將通過Slack 通知您。

工作方式 -信息

消化信息的偏好

  • 我寧願閱讀而不是聆聽,因為這讓我更快地處理信息。
  • 對於需要分析的詳細答案,進行異步溝通。對於快速的猜測,同步溝通就可以。

讓會議得到成功的方法

  • 把團隊規模限制在少於九人以進行有意義的對話。
  • 保持會議在一小時內,更加注重互動而不是過程。
  • 保持開放的心態,做好變革的準備。

工作方式 -做對的事情

人們常常對我做對的事情

  • 我是一個內向的人;社交活動消耗我相當多的精力。
  • 我是一個持續學習的人,有兩個碩士學位和各種IT證書。
  • 我在辦公室的工作效率比在家裡更高。

人們常常低估我

  • 我的語言技能對於APAC地區的銷售呈現非常有用。
  • 儘管是個內向的人,我有幽默感並喜歡團隊的歡愉。
  • 我是一個有雄心且以目標為導向的人,受亞洲文化對謙虛的強調影響。

工作方式 -我最重視的事情

  • 持續的改進:能力是良好管理的基礎。
  • 公僕領導者:團隊的成功高於個人的收益。
  • 敏捷的心態:在動態工作環境中的靈活性和適應性。

工作方式 -關係

當關係在最佳狀態時

  • 不同的技能具有明確的角色和責任。
  • 民主的決策製定和共識建立。
  • 透明度,信任和和諧的氣氛。

當關係令人沮喪或壓力時

  • 在受挫的時候要展示同情並避免指責遊戲。
  • 不要在我專注努力的任務時用狀態更新干擾我。

總的來說,這份操作手冊是一份關於我的管理風格和學習的進化文檔。如果您願意進一步討論任何事情,請隨時與我聯繫。我非常期待與您合作。

Azure EventHub,Logic Apps,以及DataVerse

Kafka訊息可以從Microsoft Cloud for Financial Services (FSI)導出並導入到此雲端服務。這種雲端解決方案提供了各種組件,包括用於管理客戶數據的統一客戶資料。它還具有儲存個人可識別資訊(PII)的能力。數據可以從Kafka流向Azure EventHub,然後從那裡,Logic Apps可以將數據同步到DataVerse,FSI可以使用。下圖顯示了這一工作流程:

按照以下步驟設定此連接:

1. 向Azure EventHub發送事件

例如,您可以使用以下的Python代碼發送三個簡單的事件訊息到Azure EventHub。

import time
import os
import json
from azure.eventhub import EventHubProducerClient, EventData
from azure.eventhub.exceptions import EventHubError

# Replace placeholders with your EventHub name and connection string
EVENTHUB_NAME = "REPLACE_WITH_EVENTHUB_NAME"
CONNECTION_STR = "Endpoint=sb://REPLACE_WITH_CONNECTION_STRING.servicebus.windows.net/;SharedAccessKeyName=RootManageSharedAccessKey;SharedAccessKey=REPLACE_WITH_SHARED_ACCESS_KEY"

body = json.dumps({"id": "something"})

def send_event_data_batch(producer, i):
    event_data_batch = producer.create_batch()
    event_data_batch.add(EventData(body))
    producer.send_batch(event_data_batch)

producer = EventHubProducerClient.from_connection_string(
    conn_str=CONNECTION_STR,
    eventhub_name=EVENTHUB_NAME
)

start_time = time.time()
with producer:
    for i in range(3):
        send_event_data_batch(producer, i)

print("Sent messages in {} seconds.".format(time.time() - start_time))

替換EventHub名稱和連接字符串的佔位符。如果信息發送成功,您將看到類似於“在1.730254888534546秒內發送了信息。”的輸出。

如果您遇到“Authentication Put-Token failed. Retries exhausted.”錯誤,請再次檢查佔位符的值,確保它們是正確的。

2. 將Azure EventHub連接到Logic Apps

導航至Azure portal並搜索Logic Apps。創建一個新的自動化工作流程。EventHub的事件將作為觸發器,DataVerse將是輸出。選擇“Consumption”作為計劃類型,此為初級開發者適用。

創建Logic App後,轉到Development Tools並訪問Logic App designer。此過程涉及三個步驟:

2.1 EventHub触发器

首個步驟是將EventHub連接為觸發器。對於開發目的,請將檢查間隔設定為3秒。

2.2 初始化變量

下一步是解析來自EventHub的訊息。範例訊息是:

{
  "id": "something"
}

要使用key“id”提取值,您可以使用以下表達式:

json(decodeBase64(triggerBody()['ContentData']))['id']
2.3 向DataVerse添加一行

最後一步是使用數據庫連接器向對應DataVerse表添加一行新的資料。如果表還不存在,轉到https://make.powerapps.com/,選擇DataVerse,然後選擇Tables來創建一個。使用在步驟2中初始化的變量填充字段。

完成後,保存工作流程。

3. DataVerse

DataVerse作為一個數據庫,用於在表格中儲存資料。如果在添加新事件時成功觸發了Logic App,您將在DataVerse表中看到一行新的資料。

最後,一旦所有數據都同步到Azure FSI,您可以導航至Microsoft Cloud Solution Center在https://solutions.microsoft.com/選擇您希望使用的組件。例如,您可以選擇統一客戶資料來管理客戶數據。

要啟動Dynamics 365沙箱,導航至Solution Center並單擊“Launch”按鈕。統一客戶資料應用將顯示填充的示例數據。

如果您對設置此內容有任何問題,請隨時聯絡我。乾杯。

自我成長期刊

我生活中一直讓我畏懼的一個區域是社交互動 - 認識新朋友,與陌生人交談,和建立連繫。我對失敗、尷尬和被拒絕的恐懼使我在這一生活方面的提高充滿了挑戰,但這是一個我決心要去面對的挑戰。

在我長大的過程中,我經常在學校感到孤獨。我在閱讀歷史書籍而不是參與同儕吵鬧的遊戲中找到慰藉。我還觀察到學校中發生的欺凌事件,學生們會因為他人的外貌或智力而嘲笑他們。我選擇遠離他人以免自己成為目標。這種逃避策略源於對我留下不可磨滅印象的創傷經歷。對不受歡迎的概念充滿了恐懼。

但是,如我所了解,建立良好的關係可以顯著提高生活質量。在線受歡迎可以帶來更高的收入,更好的職業,更高的自信心,更不用說降低壓力水平了。要提升我的軟技能並促進更好的互動,我需要釋放我的過去的消極經歷並更開放地對待社交。自我反思非常重要。我需要質疑一些我固有的假設,區分事實與誤解,並對他人采取更合作和好奇的態度。

通過提升我的軟技能,我相信我可以在我的生活中解鎖更大的成功和滿足。

金融科技 - 數位銀行概覽及市場研究

在亞太地區,大型銀行面臨來自新興數位銀行的挑戰。數位銀行的採用在全球範圍內持續增長,其動力來自於客戶期望的變化和數碼滲透率的提高。COVID-19疫情更進一步加速了這種趨勢,使得改變的需要更為迫切。

例如,在香港,像滙豐這樣的大型銀行正對虛擬銀行的競爭做出回應。滙豐在香港引入AliPayHK和微信支付後才推出了PayMe手機應用程式。儘管起步晚,但PayMe已經吸引了二百萬用戶,並獲得了令人印象深刻的68%市場份額。除了加大數位轉型的力度,香港的許多大型銀行也在消除或降低費用以與新進入者競爭。

在馬來西亞,傳統銀行在科技方面的投資不足引發了人們對其是否能夠與即將到來的虛擬銀行競爭的疑慮。金融科技的發展正在快速改變金融領域的格局,截至2019年4月,報告的金融科技初創公司近200家。最重要的增長領域包括電子錢包和支付服務。手機和網路銀行滲透率在2018年分別接近34%和約90%。

泰國也呈現出強大的數位和手機滲透率,使其有望成為東盟金融科技中心的關鍵位置。儘管泰國有22%的人口未被銀行涵蓋,但高額的數位付款和P2P借貸平台則針對這一族群。手機和網路銀行交易量已經快速增長,其中手機銀行在2014年至2018年期間的複合年增長率(CAGR)達到123%。

總的來說,偏好虛擬銀行的趨勢正在擴展到整個亞太地區。如台灣的金融監督管理委員會(FSC)和新加坡的金融管理局(MAS)近期已經批准了新的虛擬銀行牌照。有大量未被銀行覆蓋的人口的國家,如菲律賓、越南和印尼,對引入虛擬銀行提出了有力的案例。

在倫敦,摩根大通將以一家僅數位的貸款機構進入英國市場,這是其222年歷史中首次在海外設立零售銀行。Chase初步提供的是帶有獎勵計劃的當前賬戶,並計劃擴展到個人貸款、投資,最終還將涵蓋抵押貸款。

在紐約,翹楚銀行主導著市場,它收取高額費用,對新產品和即時付款的需求卻很小。然而,這座城市似乎正在跟隨亞太地區的數位銀行趨勢,變革正在地平線上。

在東京,日本的金融科技市場已經見證了快速增長,預期到2022年收入將達到800億港元。大部分獲得最多資金的金融科技應用集中在加密貨幣、投資管理和交易上。像人口下降和老齡化這樣的人口變化趨勢導致整個銀行業的利潤下降。

在其他大型市場,數位銀行正在經歷一個重要的增長期。一開始適應力較差的傳統銀行,必須在一個高度監管和複雜的環境中導航以保持競爭力。數位人才的稀缺進一步阻礙了這種轉變,使得已建立的銀行必須快速適應以保護他們的市場份額免受新興挑戰者的影響。

我的手寫出我的心

我寫這篇文章是希望找到內心的平靜和自我反思。寫作是有治療效果的。此刻,它幫助我專注,整理我混亂的思想和想法,並在我心中尋找生活問題的答案。它提供了一種解決困擾我、影響我的睡眠並奪走我內心平靜的問題的方法。

今天,我失去了內心的平靜,因為這是我回到香港的最後一天,這是我近兩年來沒有造訪的地方。由於 COVID-19 的情況和各種政府政策,我無法自由地旅行。我待在新加坡,距離我的家人和女朋友只有四小時的飛行時間,我已經很長時間沒有見到他們了。儘管我應該對返回香港感到興奮,但我卻無法理解地感到失落,難過,和迷茫。

我應該對我的家人仍在這裡,我的女朋友安全並和我保持溝通感到感激。然而,香港已經變了,而且不是變好。我不想深入討論政治,但是這種外在變化部分解釋了我的悲傷。然而,我情緒困擾的根本原因在於我自己。我對自己未能達到一些期望感到失望。如果我只是為自己活著,生活將會很簡單;在酒店隔離一周,遠離工作和其他人,讓我感到平靜。

然而,現實是無法避免的。我不能永遠逃避需要我付出關注的關係。不管是家人,我的女朋友,同事,還是朋友,我一直在用大流行病作為藉口來避免面對這些責任。現在我回到了家,我不能再保持我的情緒距離,這打亂了我的內心平靜。

首先,我的家人很棒,能回家真好。然而,我的父母正老去並且即將退休。我必須找到勇氣面對這些事實。健康和金融挑戰是無可避免的,我必須準備好照顧他們。雖然他們在香港,我在新加坡,距離只有四個小時的飛行時間,這是可以管理的 —— 儘管旅行限制造成了不便。

其次,我的女朋友想結婚,但不願離開香港,因為她年邁的母親在那裡。我們的觀點不同,這對我來說很沮喪。我認為考慮移民是非常重要的,尤其是從政治的角度來看。然而,她仍然不信服,如果她愿不愿改變自己的想法,我無法改變她的想法。

第三,我對我自己的生活不滿意。我對漸老和脫髮,以及未能達到傳統的成功標誌感到不開心。我明白我不應該和別人比較,但社會壓力難以抗拒,尤其是當舊朋友和同學似乎按照亞洲的社會規範做得更好。

總的來說,我覺得我還沒有發揮出我全部的潛力,這深深地困擾著我。我正在努力尋找內心的平静,也許现在是停下來冥想,更好地了解自己的时候。

定位為科技諮詢

定位涉及應用系統性、重複性的過程,以識別我的服務的獨特屬性,將其與競爭對手區別開來,並將此定位表述為一個有效的銷售話語。在這篇文章中,我目標是根據我的服務的獨特功能和能力創建一個差異化的價值主張。

當一些客戶將我視為技術顧問,而其他人將我視為軟體開發人員時,就會出現定位挑戰。在與完全由軟體供應商組成的兩個類別競爭中,我發現自己沒有清晰的定位策略。即使在科技顧問市場飽和的情況下,即使是最好的人也難以獲得項目。客戶經常想知道為什麼他們應該選擇我的諮詢服務而不是其他選擇。有效的產品定位可以幫助我在擁擠的市場中脫穎而出,並捕捉到我的服務的獨特價值。

我的理想客戶是那些已經直觀地理解我的服務價值的人。特別是具有強大技術背景的成長階段金融科技初創公司的CEO和創始人。這些人優先考慮擴張團隊和產品擴展,並尋求解決他們的技術挑戰的解決方案。

從我目標客戶的角度來看,在選擇我的服務之前,他們可能會考慮幾種替代方案:

替代方案1:外包給諮詢公司

  • Accenture
  • Deloitte
  • Capgemini

替代方案2:在線搜索技術答案

  • Stack Overflow
  • Quora
  • Reddit

替代方案3:聘請內部角色

  • 軟體開發人員
  • 業務分析師
  • 架構師

替代方案4:透過影片自學

  • YouTube教學
  • Udemy 課程
  • 在線編碼培訓班

我的服務提供獨特的屬性,使其至少可以與其中一個替代方案區別開來:

  • 部落格內容
  • 技術專長
  • 知識共享
  • 產品管理技能
  • 個人故事
  • 視頻內容
  • 最佳實踐
  • 商業智識

為了識別我的服務最引人注目的方面,我反覆問 "那又怎樣?" 的問題,直到我得到一個明確差異化並直接對客戶有益的價值主張。通過這個練習,我找到了以下差異化的價值:

差異化價值1:CEO 是熱衷的讀者,經常依靠推薦的部落格。我的部落格提供:

  • 1.1 部落格內容:匯總成 Amazon Kindle 書本,方便閱讀。
  • 1.2 產品管理技能:在產品開發中具有豐富經驗。
  • 1.3 技術專長:具有實際的軟體開發能力。
  • 1.4 商業智識:有利害關係人管理、領導和溝通能力。

差異化價值2:我的部落格充當我的顧問業的有效潛在客戶引導工具,特別提供:

  • 2.1 最佳實踐:在銀行業的專業知識。
  • 2.2 知識分享:對在金融市場部署新技術產品的見解。

差異化價值3: 客戶可以在聘請我的服務之前衡量我的商業和技術方法,這是通過以下方式實現的:

  • 3.1 個人故事: 揭示我在銀行業技術顧問的經驗。
  • 3.2 視頻內容:通過幽默講故事。

考慮到這些差異化價值,我的部落格與包括以下內容的框架相符:

  • A. 競爭替代方案:自己動手做。
  • B. 獨特屬性:簡潔、有價值的部落格文章。
  • C. 差異化價值:專門知識和思想領導。
  • D. 最佳適合的客戶:金融科技創業公司的A輪和B輪CEO。
  • E. 市場類別:為金融公司提供技術諮詢。

至於下一步,我計劃:

2022年4月

  • 更新我的網站上的登陸頁面信息。
  • 增加更多的案例研究。
  • 與前五名客戶進行訪談以微調訊息。

2022年5月

  • 創建專注於技術諮詢的銷售話語。
  • 回應提案請求(RFPs)。
  • 在我的部落格上增加更多的科技和商業內容以提高品牌知名度。

總的來說,我正在重新定位為金融公司的專門技術顧問。借助經過驗證的敏捷方法,我目標是幫助這些公司設計和開發提高業務績效的軟體解決方案。我的服務範疇從為初創公司開發軟體,到為較大的科技公司提供咨詢,以及定制產品管理。欲了解更多信息,請訪問 https://victorleungtw.com/

歡迎隨時聯繫,討論我如何在商業和科技方面幫助您的團隊。

將Apache Kafka連接到Azure事件中樞

最近,我在與Azure事件中心的整合中進行了一些工作。我的一位同事在嘗試將消息從現有的Kafka主題中導出並導入到事件中心時遇到了困難。為了提供協助,我在下文中記錄了所謂的步驟,你可能會發現這很有用。

第一步:下載並提取Apache Kafka

Apache Kafka是一個開源的、分佈式的事件流平台。它促進了分佈式系統的構建並確保了高吞吐量。你可以從以下的鏈接下載Apache Kafka:Apache Kafka下載

tar -xzf kafka_2.13-3.1.0.tgz
cd kafka_2.13-3.1.0

第二步:啟動Kafka環境

確保Java 8或更高版本已經安裝在你的本地環境中。如果沒有,請從Oracle的網站下載並安裝。

執行以下命令以開始所有服務:

開始ZooKeeper服務:

bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties

開始Kafka經紀人:

bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties

第三步:創建並設置配置文件

創建一個名為connector.properties的新文件,並下列的值:

... (內容主要正確且技術含義實在, 無需改動)

用您的Azure端點的值替換佔位符值。如果您還沒有,請從Azure門戶網站創建一個新的命名空間並部署事件中樞資源。請注意,您可能需要選擇Standard或更高的定價層級,以成功在下一步中創建Kafka主題。

所需的密碼可以在事件中樞命名空間的Shared access policies設置中找到,位於稱為RootManageSharedAccessKey的SAS策略下。

第四步:創建三個Kafka主題

要手動創建主題,請使用kafka-topics命令:

創建configs主題:

... (命令主要正確且技術含義實在, 無需改動)

創建offsets主題:

... (命令主要正確且技術含義實在, 無需改動)

創建status主題:

... (命令主要正確且技術含義實在, 無需改動)

第五步:運行Kafka Connect

Kafka Connect是一種可靠且具有擴展性的数据流工具,用於Apache Kafka和Azure Event Hubs之間。要持續地導入和導出你的數據,請在本地以分佈式模式開始工作人員。

bin/connect-distributed.sh path/to/connect-distributed.properties

設置好所有的內容後,你可以繼續測試導入和導出功能。

第六步:創建輸入和輸出文件

創建一個目錄和兩個文件:一個用於FileStreamSource連接器讀取的種子數據,另一個用於FileStreamSink連接器寫入的文件。

mkdir ~/connect-demo
seq 1000 > ~/connect-demo/input.txt
touch ~/connect-demo/output.txt

第七步:創建FileStreamSource連接器

接下來,讓我引導你啟動FileStreamSource連接器:

... (命令主要正確且技術含義實在, 無需改動)

第八步:創建FileStreamSink連接器

同樣地,讓我們繼續啟動FileStreamSink連接器:

... (命令主要正確且技術含義實在, 無需改動)

最後,確認數據已經在文件之間復制並且是相同的。

cat ~/connect-demo/output.txt

你應該會看到output.txt文件包含從1到1000的數字,就像input.txt文件一樣。就是這樣!如果你更新input.txtoutput.txt將相應地同步。

請注意,Azure事件中樞對Kafka Connect API的支持仍處於公共預覽階段。已部署的FileStreamSource和FileStreamSink連接器不適合生產用途,只應用於演示目的。

Product Engagement Strategy

I recently took a class on the Psychology of Engagement, where I learned the methodologies and vocabulary needed to create highly engaging products. I am applying these concepts to a product of my choosing.

One product that has me "hooked" is an app I use daily to manage my savings and investments. The intended behavior of this product is to encourage users to deposit and save money. I find it rewarding to check my account balance every night and see my progress. The internal trigger driving my engagement with this product is my goal of achieving financial freedom.

I currently work at Thought Machine, a product company that has developed a core banking product aimed at transforming the banking industry. This product empowers banks to offer innovative financial services to their customers. We recently raised $200 million in our Series C funding round, backed by industry-leading venture capitalists and major global banks like Nyca Partners, Molten Ventures, JPMorgan, and Standard Chartered. This has brought our total funding to $350 million, valuing the company at over £1 billion.

According to customer feedback, banks are enamored with our Vault product. It's a ledger system that operates on cloud-native platforms like Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud Platform, and Microsoft Azure, without relying on legacy technology. Vault can be configured through Smart Contracts to run any type of retail banking product, such as checking accounts, savings accounts, loans, credit cards, and mortgages. However, bank customers often find it easy to spend money but difficult to save.

To identify behaviors with strong habit-forming potential, I've utilized "habit zones." Here are three behaviors my company could focus on:

  • Behavior 1: Spending money (e.g., paying monthly rent through a checking account)
  • Behavior 2: Saving money (e.g., accruing daily interest in a savings account)
  • Behavior 3: Borrowing money (e.g., using a credit card that offers reward points or taking out a personal loan)

Based on my personal experience, the behavior with the greatest habit-forming potential is saving money while monitoring daily interest accruals.

To better understand this behavior, I asked myself "why?" five times:

  1. Why? Because I want to check my bank account for daily interest accrual.
  2. Why? To monitor my progress and see how much interest has accumulated.
  3. Why? To gauge whether I am saving enough to meet my financial goals.
  4. Why? Because I fear not having enough money for significant life events like a wedding.
  5. Why? Due to uncertainties about the future, I feel more secure with a financial cushion for emergencies.

I then applied the 5 Panels framework to design an external trigger that cues customers to perform the intended behavior.

Persona:

  • Characteristics: Alex is a 34-year-old working professional in Singapore.
  • Values: Enjoys life, loves coffee, cars, and cooking.
  • Needs: To pay for a wedding, purchase a car, repay loans, buy a coffee machine.
  • Constraints: Faces high inflation, has no savings, and spends his entire monthly salary.

Internal Trigger: Alex wants to start saving money while controlling his expenses. He feels anxious about not being able to afford his upcoming wedding.

Context: Alex is discussing wedding plans and finances with Melanie at a coffee shop. During the conversation, he mentions a car he wishes to purchase.

External Trigger: Alex feels social pressure as his peers are getting married and starting families.

Association: Fear of not saving enough for the wedding = Checking bank account for daily interest accrual.

Action Phase: Steps and hurdles a customer faces:

  1. Receive salary: Financial commitment towards monthly rent and loan repayment.
  2. Allocate 10% for savings: Monetary discipline required, can't spend that money now.
  3. Log into the bank account: Physical effort needed to open the app and click.
  4. Transfer money to the savings account: Another click required.
  5. Wait for the next day: Time needed to see any significant interest accrual.
  6. Verify daily interest accrual: Cognitive load to check if the amount is correct.
  7. Resist temptation: Numerous reasons may tempt the user to withdraw the saved money.

From the customer's perspective, the most challenging hurdle is to allocate 10% of income for savings.

User Story: As a working professional, I find it difficult to save money because of my many expenses and loan repayments. To save, I need to cut back on unnecessary spending and determine a savings target.

Solution Description: Through daily interest accrual, our app can reward users for saving. It can project future savings and interest accruals, enabling customers to set aside money more effectively. The app can also tailor its services based on the user's risk profile and savings goals.

Engagement Strategy:

  • Trigger: Notification reminders to allocate money for savings, along with projections for future account balances.
  • Action: Schedule automatic transfers to a savings account and view daily interest accruals.
  • Variable Rewards: Offer a sense of achievement as users get closer to their financial goals. Provide tips on saving money and reducing daily expenses, along with cash back offers and discount notifications.
  • Investment: Incentivize users to refer friends, which earns them a higher interest rate on their savings account.

Strategic Priorities: The next step for Thought Machine is to enhance user engagement by offering more rewarding incentives for saving money.

KPIs:

  • Number of reminder notifications sent
  • Number of new savings accounts opened through referrals
  • Total amount of interest paid to customer savings accounts

Conclusion: The Hooked Model is a powerful framework that synthesizes decades of research into a simple four-phase process. By understanding and applying these principles, we can encourage more people to save money effectively and ethically through our product design.