Home

Understanding Kubernetes Autoscaling - Speed and Traffic Capacity

Autoscaling is a powerful feature in Kubernetes that ensures your applications scale dynamically to handle increasing or decreasing traffic. However, one common question is: How fast can Kubernetes scale out, and how much traffic can it handle?

Two Levels of Horizontal Scaling

In Kubernetes, autoscaling operates on two levels: Pod-level autoscaling and Node-level autoscaling.

1. Pod-level Autoscaling (Horizontal Pod Autoscaler - HPA)

The Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) monitors the resource usage of your pods, such as CPU or memory, and automatically scales the number of replicas up or down based on demand. Here's what you need to know:

• Scaling Speed: Pod-level autoscaling is generally fast, typically scaling out in less than a minute depending on how the cluster is configured. However, certain configurations can make scaling even faster:
• PriorityClass: Pods can have different priorities based on their importance. Critical pods with higher priority can be scheduled faster during scaling events. This ensures that important workloads are prioritized when resources are constrained.

• Pinned and Pre-scaled HPA: You can configure the HPA to pre-scale pods if you anticipate spikes in traffic. This allows the system to respond quicker to traffic surges without waiting for resource thresholds to be breached.

• Traffic Capacity: The amount of traffic your pods can handle depends on the resource allocation (e.g., CPU, memory) for each pod. If each pod can handle a fixed number of requests per second, scaling out additional pods ensures that the overall system can manage larger traffic loads. By carefully configuring pod resource limits and HPA thresholds, you can optimize the system to balance resource efficiency and traffic capacity.

2. Node-level Autoscaling (Cluster Autoscaler or Karpenter)

When scaling pods isn't enough, Kubernetes can also scale nodes (virtual machines) in the cluster to accommodate more pods.

• Scaling Speed: Scaling nodes can take longer than scaling pods because it involves provisioning new instances from your cloud provider (AWS, GCP, etc.). Typically, scaling out nodes can take a few minutes, depending on the cloud provider's infrastructure and the size of the instance. To optimize node-level scaling:
• Karpenter: A newer alternative to Cluster Autoscaler, Karpenter optimizes node scaling by efficiently provisioning nodes with the exact resources required. It is often faster than the traditional autoscaler and can bring up nodes in seconds.

• Over-provisioning: To mitigate the time it takes to scale nodes, you can "over-provision" nodes. This means keeping a small buffer of idle nodes that are ready to handle a sudden surge in traffic. This approach ensures that your system can scale instantly without waiting for new nodes to spin up.

• Traffic Capacity: At the node level, the capacity to handle traffic is related to how many pods can be scheduled on the available nodes. By scaling out nodes, you increase the cluster's total resource pool, allowing for more pods and thus more traffic handling capability.

Conclusion

Kubernetes autoscaling is highly dynamic, with two distinct layers working together to ensure your application scales as needed.

• Pod-level scaling is rapid, generally happening in less than a minute, especially when pre-scaled or with proper PriorityClass settings.
• Node-level scaling may take a few minutes, but tools like Karpenter and over-provisioning can help speed up the process.

By effectively managing both pod and node autoscaling, you can ensure that your application can handle large traffic surges while maintaining efficiency.

金融投機的歷史及其教訓

嗨，大家好！歡迎回嚟我哋嘅頻道！今日，我哋會深入探討一個好刺激同埋對我哋財務健康非常重要嘅話題。冇錯，我哋會講金融投機——佢嘅歷史、影響，仲有點解理解佢對我哋所有人咁重要。我哋會從愛德華·錢斯勒嗰本令人眼界大開嘅書《魔鬼接住落後者：金融投機的歷史》入面攞啲見解。

多謝你哋收睇！金融投機唔係新鮮事；佢同市場一樣咁古老。愛德華·錢斯勒嗰本精彩著作帶我哋穿越時間，探索從古至今投機呢個過山車之旅。

你可能會問，到底咩係金融投機？簡單嚟講，就係投資者買資產唔係因為佢基本價值，而係因為佢哋相信將來可以用更高嘅價錢賣出。聽落好簡單，係咪？但其實佢嘅影響可以好深遠，有時仲會好災難性。

試諗下17世紀30年代嘅荷蘭，當時好出名嘅鬱金香狂熱……鬱金香價格飛漲到天文數字，之後暴跌，搞到經濟混亂。再快進一個世紀，我哋遇到咗南海泡沫。投資者被承諾巨額利潤，結果財富喺南海公司入面幾乎一夜之間化為烏有。

呢啲歷史例子生動地體現咗錢斯勒嘅關鍵觀點：投機並唔係現代現象——佢深深植根於金融市場嘅歷史中。

依家，睇返啲貼近我哋嘅例子。記唔記得1990年代末嘅網絡泡沫？受技術樂觀情緒同埋對錯失良機嘅恐懼推動，無數投資者將資金投入互聯網股票，幾乎唔顧實際盈利能力。當泡沫破裂時，數萬億美元隨之蒸發，再次提醒我哋投機狂潮嘅危險性。

錢斯勒喺呢度嘅信息非常明確："啲人如果唔記得過去，注定要重蹈覆轍。"呢啲投機過度並唔係異常現象。佢哋係由人類心理同市場動態推動嘅金融市場中反复出現嘅事件。

咁，我哋可以學到啲咩？監管者、市場參與者同政策制定者應該高度警惕非理性繁榮同羊群行為嘅跡象。通過設計周到嘅框架同實施有效嘅監管，我哋可以減輕呢啲投機泡沫嘅風險。

呢個關乎平衡——冇錯，投機可以推動創新同增長，但如果唔加控制，可以導致金融動盪。

隨住我哋前進，讓我哋以對過去嘅了解裝備自己，並採取負責任嘅未來態度。愛德華·錢斯勒引人入勝嘅書提醒我哋：雖然我哋可能無法阻止投機泡沫，但我哋可以管理其影響。

總結一下，金融投機係一把雙刃劍——既可以係進步嘅引擎，也可以係動盪嘅來源。《魔鬼接住落後者》入面嘅歷史就係呢種雙重性嘅有力見證。 我哋應該汲取呢啲教訓並採取平衡嘅觀點，時刻警惕投機過度嘅潛在風險。

多謝收睇！如果你覺得呢個視頻有啟發性，請你按讚同訂閱我哋，獲取更多有關財務同歷史嘅深入探討。喺下面嘅評論區分享你嘅諗法——投機泡沫點樣影響咗你嘅財務決策？下次再見！

瞭解 Kubernetes 自動擴展 - 速度與流量容量

Kubernetes 的自動擴展功能是非常強大的，它確保了應用程序可以根據流量的增減動態擴展。然而，一個常見的問題是：Kubernetes 的擴展速度有多快，能處理多大的流量？

兩層水平擴展

在 Kubernetes 中，自動擴展分為兩個層次：Pod 層級的自動擴展和節點層級的自動擴展。

1. Pod 層級的自動擴展 (Horizontal Pod Autoscaler - HPA)

水平 Pod 自動擴展器 (HPA) 會監控 Pods 的資源使用情況（例如 CPU 或記憶體），並根據需求自動調整副本的數量。以下是一些重要資訊：

• 擴展速度：Pod 層級的自動擴展通常非常快速，一般在 不到一分鐘 內完成，具體取決於集群的配置。不過，某些配置可以使擴展更快：
• PriorityClass：Pods 可以根據其重要性設置不同的優先級。具有較高優先級的關鍵 Pods 在擴展事件中可以更快被調度，確保重要的工作負載在資源受限時被優先處理。

• 固定和預擴展 HPA：如果預計流量會激增，可以將 HPA 配置為預先擴展 Pods，這樣系統可以更快響應流量高峰，而不需要等待資源閾值被觸發。

• 流量容量：Pods 能夠處理的流量取決於每個 Pod 的資源分配（例如 CPU、記憶體）。如果每個 Pod 可以處理固定數量的每秒請求，通過擴展 Pods 的數量可以確保整體系統能處理更大的流量負載。通過精心配置 Pod 的資源限制和 HPA 閾值，可以優化系統以平衡資源效率與流量容量。

2. 節點層級的自動擴展 (Cluster Autoscaler 或 Karpenter)

當擴展 Pods 不足以應對需求時，Kubernetes 還可以擴展集群中的節點（虛擬機器）來容納更多的 Pods。

• 擴展速度：節點的擴展比 Pods 擴展耗時更久，因為它需要從雲服務商（AWS、GCP 等）調用新實例。通常，節點擴展需要 幾分鐘 時間，具體取決於雲服務商的基礎設施和實例的大小。為了優化節點層級的擴展，可以採取以下措施：
• Karpenter：作為 Cluster Autoscaler 的新替代方案，Karpenter 通過高效地配置所需資源來優化節點擴展。它通常比傳統的自動擴展器更快，能在幾秒內啟動節點。

• 過量配置：為了減少擴展節點所需的時間，可以採取「過量配置」的方式，即保持一小部分閒置節點，以隨時應對流量激增。這種方式確保系統可以立即擴展，而無需等待新節點啟動。

• 流量容量：在節點層級，流量處理能力與可安排 Pods 的節點數量有關。通過擴展節點，可以增加整個集群的資源池總量，從而容納更多的 Pods，並提升流量處理能力。

結論

Kubernetes 的自動擴展非常動態，兩個層次協同工作以確保應用程序按需擴展。

• Pod 層級的擴展 速度快，通常在不到一分鐘內完成，尤其是在預先擴展或使用適當 PriorityClass 設置時。
• 節點層級的擴展 可能需要幾分鐘，但工具如 Karpenter 和過量配置可以幫助加速這一過程。

通過有效地管理 Pod 和節點的自動擴展，您可以確保應用程序在處理大流量高峰時仍能保持高效運行。

精神控制術：重新編程潛意識，實現你嘅人生巔峰

嗨！歡迎返嚟我哋嘅頻道。今日，我哋會深入探討Maxwell Maltz嘅經典著作《精神控制術：一種獲得更多生活的新方式》入面嘅啲變革性見解。呢本書對無數人產生咗深遠嘅影響，改變咗我哋對自我形象嘅重要性嘅認識，仲有喺我哋追求成功同幸福嘅過程中嘅作用。

Maxwell Maltz嘅核心理念其實好簡單但強大：改善我哋嘅自我形象係實現真正生活滿足嘅基石。我哋嘅自我形象——即係我哋點睇自己嘅身份同能力——其實塑造咗我哋嘅現實。當我哋改變咗呢啲內在嘅認知，我哋就可以突破限制，達到新嘅高度。

諗下，你嘅潛意識就好似一個控制系統——有啲似調節溫度嘅恒溫器。就好似你可以將恒溫器調整到新嘅設置一樣，你都可以重新編程你嘅潛意識，以促進積極嘅習慣同信念。但我哋點樣可以做到呢？

Maxwell Maltz列出咗幾個關鍵實踐：

1. 視覺化：我哋嘅思想係好強大嘅。透過創建生動且詳細嘅心理圖像，我哋可以將我哋嘅行為同行動同呢啲願景對齊。將佢諗成為成功準備藍圖。

2. 積極思維：我哋抱有嘅思想會塑造我哋嘅自我認知同生活。透過用肯定句同建設性嘅信念嚟取代消極思想，擁抱積極思維。呢樣會為你嘅能力同潛力建立一個新嘅敘述。

3. 設定可實現嘅目標：目標係我哋實現抱負嘅路線圖。設定現實且可達成嘅目標，創造明確嘅進步路徑。每一個達成嘅里程碑都會強化你嘅自信，推動你實現更大嘅成就。

呢啲實踐嘅影響係好深遠嘅。透過改變消極嘅自我信念，我哋就可以釋放我哋嘅全部潛力。我哋會開始睇到自己唔再係環境嘅受害者，而係自己命運嘅建築師。呢個會為充滿滿足感同目標嘅生活鋪平道路。

同時要記住，變革唔會一夜之間發生，佢需要持續嘅努力同堅定嘅承諾。但係回報係巨大的：改善嘅人際關係、更大嘅職業成功、同埋更深層次嘅內心平和。

總而言之，《精神控制術》為我哋提供咗一個美好生活嘅藍圖。透過培養積極嘅自我形象、視覺化我哋嘅成功、擁抱積極思維、同設定可實現嘅目標，我哋可以重新定義我哋嘅界限，實現我哋嘅夢想。

讓我哋將呢啲教義銘記於心，致力於自我改進嘅旅程。大家一齊，好有可能解鎖我哋嘅全部潛力，過上充滿喜悅、成就同滿足嘅生活。多謝你嘅觀看，唔好忘記點讚，訂閱，仲有點擊通知鈴去獲取更多鼓舞人心嘅內容。

下次再見，繼續努力，持續成長，記住：你有改變你生活嘅力量。

突破想象極限！打開顯化效應的力量：從願望到現實的每日鍊金術

嘿，大家好啊！歡迎你哋又返到嚟我哋嘅頻道。今日我哋要傾下啲好勁同突破性嘅嘢——顯化！靈感嚟自克麗絲．費拉洛嘅激勵書籍《顯化效應 - 每日嘅注意力鍊金術助你如願以償》，我哋會探討點樣將實用技巧轉化成實現我哋心底最深願望嘅現實。即刻開始啦！

第一，我哋由細細步開始講起。我哋成日等完美嘅時機去追夢，但其實最好嘅開始時機就係而家。通過攞啲易管理嘅步驟，我哋可以建立動力。每一步細細嘅行動都讓我哋愈來愈近目標。幻想吓呢個過程好似種樹咁——細細嘅努力可以隨時間變成大成就。

跟住就係清理啦！實體同埋數碼嘅雜亂會令我哋壓力山大。通過移走唔需要嘅嘢，我哋可以為新機會騰出空間。呢唔止係整理，而係創造一種能量嘅轉變。幻想吓你嘅心靈好似個花園——剷走雜草，正能量就可以瘋長。來啦，為成長騰出空間！

顯化同正念同自信係息息相關嘅。通過正念，我哋可以識別阻礙進展嘅模式。而相信自己嘅價值係好重要。我哋值得成功。通過改變我哋嘅思維模式，我哋強化咗我哋嘅夢唔止係可能嘅，仲係可以達到嘅。

克麗絲．費拉洛嗰本書入面充滿咗結構化嘅實踐方法。我哋分解其中三個畀你睇：

1. 視覺化：合埋眼，用心幻想你想要嘅結果。感受佢，睇見佢，體驗佢——完全浸淫喺呢個感覺入面。
2. 感恩日記：定時寫低你感激嘅嘢。呢個會吸引更多正能量進入你嘅生活。
3. 正面肯定：重複符合你期望嘅激勵語句。呢樣會重新編程你嘅潛意識去達到成功。

呢啲日常練習保持我哋同目標一致，將抽象嘅想法化作可行嘅步驟。

通過將呢啲技術融入日常生活，我哋賦予自己做出有意義嘅改變嘅力量。克麗絲．費拉洛嘅書結合咗靈性洞見同實際應用，指導我哋用思維同能量塑造現實。

記住，顯化唔止係幻想，而係對齊我哋嘅心態，清除障礙，並且採取持續同有針對性嘅行動。擁抱注意力嘅鍊金術，將你心中嘅願望變成現實。

多謝大家今日收睇。如果覺得呢條片有啟發，記住點贊、分享同訂閱。亦請喺下面留言——你哋而家做緊咩步驟去實現你嘅夢啊？大家互相激勵下啦！

Engage in Energizing Activities - The Power of Exercise

Our energy and mood play a significant role in how we present ourselves in everyday interactions. Whether it’s a casual coffee meeting, an important networking event, or a high-stakes job interview, the way we feel mentally and physically influences how others perceive us. One way to sustain that energy and radiate positivity is through energizing activities—and at the top of that list is exercise.

Exercise isn’t just about physical fitness. It enhances every aspect of your well-being—mental, emotional, and cognitive. Here’s how exercise helps you operate at your best: it boosts mood by releasing endorphins, the body's natural feel-good chemicals, instantly lifting your spirits. It increases self-esteem with each workout, giving you a sense of accomplishment and confidence. Feeling good about yourself improves sociability, making networking and interviews feel less daunting. Regular exercise also builds discipline, enhancing motivation to pursue personal and professional goals. Additionally, it sharpens focus and memory, helping you perform better in conversations, presentations, and problem-solving scenarios.

These benefits become even more evident when exercise becomes a consistent part of your routine. However, exercise is not one-size-fits-all. What works for one person might not suit another. The key is to engage in activities that energize and uplift you. Walking or jogging is a simple way to clear your mind while enjoying the outdoors. Listening to music while exercising can amplify motivation and enjoyment. Group classes or team sports build sociability while keeping you active. Yoga or Pilates are great for mental clarity and reducing stress. Strength training boosts both physical strength and self-confidence. It doesn’t matter what activity you choose—what’s important is that it fits your lifestyle and energizes you.

How you feel internally reflects externally. When you exercise regularly, you’ll notice your energy levels soar, impacting every aspect of your life—from casual conversations to professional encounters. Whether you’re prepping for a job interview or attending a networking event, having the physical and mental strength to engage meaningfully can make a lasting impression.

The benefits of making exercise a part of your routine go beyond the gym. It’s about showing up for yourself, building resilience, and radiating confidence. So, lace up your sneakers, put on your favorite playlist, and get moving. When you energize your body, you also recharge your mind, and the positive results will follow—one step, one workout at a time.

逆向創業：從毫無價值到非凡成功的秘訣

今日，我哋會深入探討一個好吸引嘅世界——一個睇落無價值、唔可能甚至好蠢嘅嘢，點樣可以創造出超凡價值。我哋今日講緊嘅係逆向創業，就係丹尼爾·艾森伯格（Daniel Isenberg）喺佢本書《毫無價值、不可能和愚蠢：逆向創業者如何創造並捕捉非凡價值》中所講嘅嘢。

呢本書為創業之路提供咗好深嘅見解，揭示咗啲經常俾人覺得唔可能或者好荒謬嘅點子中間隱藏住嘅非凡潛力。佢講韌性、創造力，仲有要喺呢個不斷變化嘅環境中取得成功嘅獨特願景。

艾森伯格嘅作品精華在於承認成功的創業經常需要探索未被探索嘅領域。就喺呢啲地方——傳統智慧預測會失敗嘅地方——逆向思考者發現咗機會。

艾森伯格通過分享全球各地創業者嘅勵志故事，巧妙咁說明咗呢點。呢啲人喺最初俾人覺得係無價值、唔可能或好蠢嘅點子上，變成咗蓬勃發展嘅企業。

以韌性為例，創業之路好少係直線——佢布滿咗挑戰、挫折同疑慮。但係，嗰啲堅持不懈、喺逆境中保持堅定嘅人，通常可以將啲難以克服嘅挑戰轉變成不可思議嘅成功故事。

然後我哋講講創造力。唔係淨係識別出一個問題就得嘅；你仲要有創新同設計出傳統思維無法想像嘅獨特解決方案。創造力使得創業者可以重新想像個世界，同開發出非傳統但變革性嘅產品同服務。

最後，仲有逆向思考者喺其他人睇到障礙嘅地方發現機會嘅能力。佢哋有一種天生識別未滿足需求並構想出有利可圖解決方案嘅能力。呢樣嘢並唔係為咗與眾不同而與眾不同；而係真正理解仲利用其他人忽略嘅根本問題。

艾森伯格嘅書挑戰我哋改變觀念。佢鼓勵我哋接受非傳統嘅想法，珍惜嗰啲睇來不可能嘅事。更重要嘅係，呢本書激勵我哋勇敢追求，信任我哋嘅創新本能，並擁有實現我哋點子嘅韌性。

回顧一下，記住，非凡嘅價值經常係由嗰啲敢於與眾不同、擁有韌性、培養創造力同喺其他人睇唔到機會嘅地方抓住機會嘅人創造嘅。雖然逆向創業者嘅旅程充滿挑戰，但佢嘅回報可能係巨大——對個人、對社會，甚至對全世界都係咁。

多謝大家今日嘅收睇。如果你覺得今期內容引人深思，請俾我哋一個讚，喺下面嗰啲評論區分享你嘅諗法，唔好唔記得訂閱我哋嘅頻道，獲取更多有影響力嘅觀點同深度探討。

保持好奇，保持創造力，一如既往，不斷突破邊界。下次見！

從活力活動中獲得能量 - 運動的力量

我們的精力和情緒對我們在日常互動中的表現有著重大影響。無論是隨意的咖啡聚會、重要的社交活動，還是關鍵的求職面試，我們的心理和身體狀態都會影響他人對我們的看法。一種持續保持能量並散發積極氛圍的方法就是參與令人振奮的活動，而其中最重要的就是運動。

運動不僅僅是關於身體健康，它還能提升您的整體福祉——包括心理、情感和認知。以下是運動如何幫助您發揮最佳狀態的方法：運動通過釋放內啡肽（身體的天然愉悅化學物質）提升情緒，即時改善您的心情。每次運動都能帶來成就感和自信心，提升自我評價。感覺良好能增強社交能力，讓人際網絡和面試不再令人生畏。規律的運動還能培養紀律性，增強追求個人和職業目標的動力。此外，它還能提升專注力和記憶力，幫助您在對話、演講和解決問題的情境中表現得更出色。

當運動成為日常生活的一部分時，這些好處會變得更加明顯。然而，運動並非「一刀切」的方案，適合一個人的方式可能並不適合另一個人。關鍵在於參與能為您注入活力並讓您感到快樂的活動。例如，散步或慢跑是一種簡單的方法，既可以清理思緒，也能享受戶外時光。聽音樂運動可以增強動力和樂趣。參加團體課程或團隊運動可以在保持活躍的同時建立社交關係。瑜伽或普拉提非常適合提升心理清晰度並減輕壓力。力量訓練則能提升身體力量與自信心。不管您選擇什麼活動，重要的是它適合您的生活方式並能讓您充滿活力。

內在的感受會反映在外在的表現上。當您定期運動時，會發現自己的精力充沛，影響到生活的方方面面——從隨意的對話到職場互動。不管是準備求職面試還是參加社交活動，擁有身體與心理的力量來有意義地參與互動，可以留下深刻的印象。

讓運動成為日常的一部分，其好處遠遠超出健身房。這是關於為自己努力，建立韌性，並散發自信。所以，穿上您的運動鞋，播放最喜歡的音樂，開始運動吧。當您為身體充電的同時，也為心靈充電，積極的效果將隨之而來——一步一個腳印，每次鍛煉都邁向成功。

Embrace Career Growth - Exploring Possibilities, Navigating Change, and Building a Meaningful Future

The path to a fulfilling career is rarely straightforward. In today’s world, it’s important to explore different possibilities instead of focusing on just one. Life can bring unexpected changes, and the career path you once thought was clear may take surprising turns. A good way to handle this uncertainty is by developing many possible versions of yourself. These are ideas of who you might become, ranging from realistic and well-planned to imaginative and uncertain. Some of these possibilities will appeal more to you than others, but they are all worth exploring because they give you flexibility to adapt as your life changes.

Transitions in your career often bring a sense of uncertainty. During this time, you may feel lost, caught between the end of your old job and the unknown future. This in-between stage, called liminality, can feel uncomfortable, but it plays an important role in your growth. It allows you to process your emotions, reflect on your past, and consider new opportunities without rushing into decisions. Taking time to reflect during these transitions can lead to better choices, helping you avoid missing out on paths you hadn’t considered before.

In moments of change or crisis, like during the COVID-19 pandemic, people often find unexpected opportunities. With fewer traditional options available, many shift their focus to personal projects, new skills, or ideas that had been put on hold. These moments of downtime aren’t wasted—they allow your mind to recharge and spark new ideas. Rest is just as valuable as hard work because it helps shape who you are becoming.

Another key to building a meaningful career is to engage in activities outside of your main job. While it’s important to focus on doing well at work, relying only on your current role can limit your long-term growth. Side projects, advisory roles, or joining boards are great ways to gain new experiences, develop new skills, and expand your network. These activities expose you to different ideas, industries, and people, making you more adaptable and creative. They also bring personal satisfaction and open doors to future opportunities that you might not find in your day job alone.

Trying out different roles or stretch assignments can also help you grow. They let you explore new fields without leaving your current job and build experience step by step. You might take part in consulting projects, teach a class, or contribute to a startup. These smaller commitments allow you to compare different paths, understand what suits you best, and gradually build new strengths.

In the end, a career is not a single journey with a clear destination. It’s an ongoing process of learning, experimenting, and adjusting. Life rarely moves in a straight line, and that’s okay. By embracing change, exploring multiple possibilities, and engaging in meaningful side activities, you create a flexible and rewarding career. Growth comes from trying, learning, and imagining new futures, not just from achieving specific goals. The key is to stay curious, open to new opportunities, and willing to explore who you might become next.

改變商業的關鍵策略：深度解析藍海

歡迎返嚟我哋嘅頻道！今日呢，我哋要講一個可以改變商業同創新嘅策略——就係「藍海策略」。

呢個策略係基於W. Chan Kim同Renée Mauborgne嘅開創性研究，喺競爭激烈嘅市場入面，畀我哋帶嚟咗希望同創意。咁，咩係「藍海策略」呢？

藍海策略嘅核心思想就係，企業唔使喺嗰啲充滿競爭嘅市場（即所謂嘅「紅海」）打拼；相反，佢哋可以搵到「藍海」——一啲無競爭、新嘅市場空間，充滿咗創新、增長同盈利嘅機會。

首先，我哋要理解「價值創新」嘅原則。傳統商業方法通常係集中喺點樣喺同一個擠逼嘅市場中超越競爭對手。但係，價值創新嘅重點就係點樣為客戶提供更好嘅價值，同時降低成本。

簡單嚟講，就係提供獨特嘅產品或者服務，為公司同客戶創造價值嘅飛躍——透過重塑市場邊界，使競爭變得無關痛癢。

舉個例啦，我哋可以講下太陽馬戲團。唔同於傳統馬戲團面臨觀眾減少同成本上升問題，太陽馬戲團將馬戲表演同劇場元素結合埋一齊。呢種獨特嘅結合吸引咗唔單止係小朋友，仲有成年人同企業客戶。透過創建自己嘅「藍海」，佢哋脫離咗傳統馬戲市場嘅局限。

另一個經典例子就係蘋果公司嘅iPod。喺數碼音樂仲係非法下載同笨重MP3播放器嘅時代，蘋果公司唔單止係進入市場——佢哋係重新定義咗市場。透過將iPod同iTunes Store整合，佢哋改變咗大家購買同享受音樂嘅方式，創造咗自己嘅藍海。

藍海策略唔係預測未來——佢係重寫現在。佢要求我哋去搵同利用其他人未見到嘅機會。透過質疑市場假設，我哋可以解鎖隱藏嘅潛力。

採用藍海心態需要創造力、勇氣同分析嘅嚴謹性。企業需要探索鄰近市場同了解非顧客。佢哋必須集中喺消除長期以來喺行業內競爭嘅因素，同時引入從未提供過嘅新因素，從而為客戶創造價值嘅飛躍。

所以，當我哋喺呢個瞬息萬變嘅經濟環境中航行時，讓我哋擁抱藍海策略嘅智慧。唔好再爭奪現有市場中嘅一塊蛋糕，而係一齊烘焙一個全新嘅蛋糕。咁做，我哋可以透過提供與客戶需求和願望深度共鳴嘅產品和服務，同時降低成本，實現無與倫比嘅增長和盈利。

多謝您今日嘅參加。如果您覺得呢段片有啟發，請畀個like同埋subscribe我哋嚟獲取更多關於商業創新嘅內容。讓我哋一齊向廣闊、未開發嘅機遇之海啟航。下次見！