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2. Company Fundamentals
2.3 Management
| Role |
Metric |
| Consensus Rating |
N/A |
2.4 Return
| Metric |
Value |
| Expected Return (Ann.) |
N/A |
| Risk / Std Dev (Ann.) |
N/A |
Price Snapshot:
| Metric |
Value |
| Last Price |
14.260 HKD |
| Day Change |
-0.590 (-4.14%) |
DuPont Model Analysis
The DuPont model decomposes return on equity (ROE) into three operating and capital-structure drivers:
ROE = Net Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier
The comparison uses the latest two comparable annual periods available for the issuer, with reported statement amounts shown in HK$. Revenue and net income are income-statement flows; total assets and shareholders’ equity are year-end balance-sheet figures. This is a simplified year-end-balance DuPont comparison rather than an average-balance ROE calculation.
| DuPont component |
Calculation |
FY2025 |
FY2024 |
| Revenue |
Reported revenue |
HK$61.18B |
HK$55.86B |
| Net income |
Reported net income |
HK$1.34B |
HK$960.47M |
| Total assets |
Year-end reported balance |
HK$69.15B |
HK$64.17B |
| Shareholders’ equity |
Year-end reported balance |
HK$17.32B |
HK$13.56B |
| Net margin |
Net income ÷ revenue |
2.18% |
1.72% |
| Asset turnover |
Revenue ÷ total assets |
0.8847x |
0.8706x |
| Equity multiplier |
Total assets ÷ shareholders’ equity |
3.9922x |
4.7327x |
| ROE |
Net margin × asset turnover × equity multiplier |
7.71% |
7.08% |
Source: Yahoo Finance annual statements. Values are based on the two latest comparable annual periods returned by the source; fiscal period labels use the statement period-end year.
2.5 FCFF DCF Valuation
Valuation basis: This research model follows a five-year, unlevered FCFF DCF. It starts from reported annual operating inputs, forecasts revenue and operating cash conversion under an explicit mechanical policy, discounts FCFF at WACC, applies a Gordon-growth terminal value, and bridges enterprise value to an indicative common-equity value per share. It is an analytical estimate rather than a recommendation or personalised target price.
Step 1 — Forecast Operating Profit and NOPAT
| Reported operating input |
Value |
| Revenue |
HK$61.18B |
| Prior annual revenue |
HK$55.86B |
| EBIT |
HK$3.33B |
| Tax rate |
26.07% |
| NOPAT = EBIT × (1 − tax rate) |
HK$2.46B |
| Forecast start-growth basis |
9.52% |
| Forecast policy |
latest reported annual revenue growth, bounded to -10.00% / 15.00% |
Step 2 — Calculate FCFF
| Current FCFF building block |
Value |
| NOPAT |
HK$2.46B |
| Add: depreciation & amortisation |
HK$3.40B |
| Less: capital expenditure |
-HK$4.31B |
| Less/(add): working-capital cash-flow movement |
-HK$1.17B |
| Current unlevered FCFF |
HK$384.52M |
Explicit FCFF forecast
| Forecast year |
Revenue growth |
NOPAT |
D&A |
Capex |
Change in NWC |
FCFF |
Present value |
| 1 |
9.52% |
HK$2.70B |
HK$3.72B |
-HK$4.72B |
-HK$1.28B |
HK$421.13M |
HK$409.17M |
| 2 |
7.77% |
HK$2.91B |
HK$4.01B |
-HK$4.82B |
-HK$1.38B |
HK$722.21M |
HK$662.44M |
| 3 |
6.01% |
HK$3.08B |
HK$4.25B |
-HK$4.82B |
-HK$1.46B |
HK$1.05B |
HK$909.30M |
| 4 |
4.26% |
HK$3.21B |
HK$4.43B |
-HK$4.73B |
-HK$1.52B |
HK$1.39B |
HK$1.14B |
| 5 |
2.50% |
HK$3.29B |
HK$4.54B |
-HK$4.54B |
-HK$1.56B |
HK$1.73B |
HK$1.34B |
Step 3 — Determine the Discount Rate (WACC)
| WACC input |
Value |
| Risk-free rate |
4.71% |
| Equity risk premium assumption |
5.50% |
| Beta |
0.76 |
| Cost of equity |
8.91% |
| Pre-tax cost of debt |
4.63% |
| WACC |
5.93% |
| WACC validation |
requires assumption review |
Step 4 — Estimate Terminal Value
| Terminal-value input |
Value |
| Perpetuity growth rate |
2.50% |
| Terminal value |
HK$51.72B |
| Implied terminal EV / EBITDA |
5.75x |
| Terminal value as % of enterprise value |
89.70% |
Step 5 — Discount Cash Flows to Enterprise Value
| Enterprise-value component |
Value |
| Present value of explicit FCFF |
HK$4.45B |
| Present value of terminal value |
HK$38.78B |
| Indicated enterprise value |
HK$43.23B |
| Discounting convention |
mid-year for explicit FCFF; terminal value discounted at year-end five |
Step 6 — Convert Enterprise Value to Equity Value
| Equity bridge |
Value |
| Indicated enterprise value |
HK$43.23B |
| Less: gross interest-bearing debt |
HK$24.70B |
| Add: cash and equivalents |
HK$9.34B |
| Add: affiliate investments |
HK$0.00 |
| Less: minority interests |
HK$6.70B |
| Indicated common equity value |
HK$21.18B |
Step 7 — Calculate Indicative Value Per Share
| Per-share output |
Value |
| Shares used |
1,406,126,255.00 |
| Share-count basis |
reported diluted weighted-average shares |
| Current market price |
HK$13.39 |
| DCF indicative value per share |
HK$15.06 |
| Indicative value vs. market price |
12.47% |
Model Integrity Checks
| Check |
Result |
| Perpetuity growth is below the risk-free rate |
pass |
| Perpetuity growth is below WACC |
pass |
| WACC is within the configured operating-company range |
review required |
| Terminal-year FCFF is positive |
pass |
| Terminal capex converges to D&A |
pass |
| Terminal-value concentration |
within review band |
| Implied price differs from spot by more than 30% |
within review band |
2.6 Investor-Style Research Screen
| Educational screen |
Result |
| Buffett-inspired cash-quality checks |
4/4 evidenced checks |
| Lynch-inspired balance-and-growth checks |
4/4 evidenced checks |
Data lineage: Yahoo Finance public market and reported-statement data; retrieval timestamp: 2026-08-18 16:33:27.572649 UTC; latest reported fiscal period: 2025-12-31 00:00:00. Default assumptions: five-year forecast, mid-year discounting for explicit FCFF, a maximum 2.50% perpetuity-growth rate below both WACC and the risk-free rate, historical operating-ratio persistence, and capex convergence to D&A by year five. No sell-side consensus or management guidance is substituted for reported inputs. This is research and analysis only, not personalized financial advice.
2.7 Quantitative Factor Diagnostics
Factor-model exception: No verified adjusted-close issuer series is available for factor regression. No Fama–French loading or alpha estimate is published on an incomplete basis.
Factor models are descriptive in-sample exposure diagnostics, not forecasts, investment recommendations, or estimates of future returns. This is research and analysis only, not personalized financial advice.