Evidence and analysis
Research evidence pack
Source-backed valuation visuals
1. Industry Fundamentals
1.1 Cyclicality
The company operates in a cyclical industry sensitive to macroeconomic conditions. Revenue and earnings tend to correlate with broader economic cycles, with periods of expansion driving growth and contractions creating headwinds. Current market capitalisation: 2.21 B.
1.2 Competition
The industry is moderately competitive with established players and meaningful barriers to entry. Beta of N/A suggests moderate market sensitivity. Competitive advantages stem from brand, scale, or regulatory moats.
1.3 Technology
Key technology drivers include digital transformation, operational efficiency, automation. Companies that invest in R&D and adopt new technologies tend to gain market share. The pace of technological change creates both opportunities for innovation and risks of disruption.
2. Company Fundamentals
2.3 Management
| Role | Metric |
|---|---|
| Consensus Rating | N/A |
2.4 Return
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Expected Return (Ann.) | N/A |
| Risk / Std Dev (Ann.) | N/A |
Price Snapshot:
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Last Price | 14.260 HKD |
| Day Change | -0.590 (-4.14%) |
DuPont Model Analysis
The DuPont model decomposes return on equity (ROE) into three operating and capital-structure drivers:
ROE = Net Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier
The comparison uses the latest two comparable annual periods available for the issuer, with reported statement amounts shown in HK$. Revenue and net income are income-statement flows; total assets and shareholders’ equity are year-end balance-sheet figures. This is a simplified year-end-balance DuPont comparison rather than an average-balance ROE calculation.
| DuPont component | Calculation | FY2025 | FY2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | Reported revenue | HK$61.18B | HK$55.86B |
| Net income | Reported net income | HK$1.34B | HK$960.47M |
| Total assets | Year-end reported balance | HK$69.15B | HK$64.17B |
| Shareholders’ equity | Year-end reported balance | HK$17.32B | HK$13.56B |
| Net margin | Net income ÷ revenue | 2.18% | 1.72% |
| Asset turnover | Revenue ÷ total assets | 0.8847x | 0.8706x |
| Equity multiplier | Total assets ÷ shareholders’ equity | 3.9922x | 4.7327x |
| ROE | Net margin × asset turnover × equity multiplier | 7.71% | 7.08% |
Source: Yahoo Finance annual statements. Values are based on the two latest comparable annual periods returned by the source; fiscal period labels use the statement period-end year.
2.5 FCFF DCF Valuation
Valuation basis: This research model follows a five-year, unlevered FCFF DCF. It starts from reported annual operating inputs, forecasts revenue and operating cash conversion under an explicit mechanical policy, discounts FCFF at WACC, applies a Gordon-growth terminal value, and bridges enterprise value to an indicative common-equity value per share. It is an analytical estimate rather than a recommendation or personalised target price.
Step 1 — Forecast Operating Profit and NOPAT
| Reported operating input | Value |
|---|---|
| Revenue | HK$61.18B |
| Prior annual revenue | HK$55.86B |
| EBIT | HK$3.33B |
| Tax rate | 26.07% |
| NOPAT = EBIT × (1 − tax rate) | HK$2.46B |
| Forecast start-growth basis | 9.52% |
| Forecast policy | latest reported annual revenue growth, bounded to -10.00% / 15.00% |
Step 2 — Calculate FCFF
| Current FCFF building block | Value |
|---|---|
| NOPAT | HK$2.46B |
| Add: depreciation & amortisation | HK$3.40B |
| Less: capital expenditure | -HK$4.31B |
| Less/(add): working-capital cash-flow movement | -HK$1.17B |
| Current unlevered FCFF | HK$384.52M |
Explicit FCFF forecast
| Forecast year | Revenue growth | NOPAT | D&A | Capex | Change in NWC | FCFF | Present value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.52% | HK$2.70B | HK$3.72B | -HK$4.72B | -HK$1.28B | HK$421.13M | HK$409.17M |
| 2 | 7.77% | HK$2.91B | HK$4.01B | -HK$4.82B | -HK$1.38B | HK$722.21M | HK$662.44M |
| 3 | 6.01% | HK$3.08B | HK$4.25B | -HK$4.82B | -HK$1.46B | HK$1.05B | HK$909.30M |
| 4 | 4.26% | HK$3.21B | HK$4.43B | -HK$4.73B | -HK$1.52B | HK$1.39B | HK$1.14B |
| 5 | 2.50% | HK$3.29B | HK$4.54B | -HK$4.54B | -HK$1.56B | HK$1.73B | HK$1.34B |
Step 3 — Determine the Discount Rate (WACC)
| WACC input | Value |
|---|---|
| Risk-free rate | 4.71% |
| Equity risk premium assumption | 5.50% |
| Beta | 0.76 |
| Cost of equity | 8.91% |
| Pre-tax cost of debt | 4.63% |
| WACC | 5.93% |
| WACC validation | requires assumption review |
Step 4 — Estimate Terminal Value
| Terminal-value input | Value |
|---|---|
| Perpetuity growth rate | 2.50% |
| Terminal value | HK$51.72B |
| Implied terminal EV / EBITDA | 5.75x |
| Terminal value as % of enterprise value | 89.70% |
Step 5 — Discount Cash Flows to Enterprise Value
| Enterprise-value component | Value |
|---|---|
| Present value of explicit FCFF | HK$4.45B |
| Present value of terminal value | HK$38.78B |
| Indicated enterprise value | HK$43.23B |
| Discounting convention | mid-year for explicit FCFF; terminal value discounted at year-end five |
Step 6 — Convert Enterprise Value to Equity Value
| Equity bridge | Value |
|---|---|
| Indicated enterprise value | HK$43.23B |
| Less: gross interest-bearing debt | HK$24.70B |
| Add: cash and equivalents | HK$9.34B |
| Add: affiliate investments | HK$0.00 |
| Less: minority interests | HK$6.70B |
| Indicated common equity value | HK$21.18B |
Step 7 — Calculate Indicative Value Per Share
| Per-share output | Value |
|---|---|
| Shares used | 1,406,126,255.00 |
| Share-count basis | reported diluted weighted-average shares |
| Current market price | HK$13.39 |
| DCF indicative value per share | HK$15.06 |
| Indicative value vs. market price | 12.47% |
Model Integrity Checks
| Check | Result |
|---|---|
| Perpetuity growth is below the risk-free rate | pass |
| Perpetuity growth is below WACC | pass |
| WACC is within the configured operating-company range | review required |
| Terminal-year FCFF is positive | pass |
| Terminal capex converges to D&A | pass |
| Terminal-value concentration | within review band |
| Implied price differs from spot by more than 30% | within review band |
2.6 Investor-Style Research Screen
| Educational screen | Result |
|---|---|
| Buffett-inspired cash-quality checks | 4/4 evidenced checks |
| Lynch-inspired balance-and-growth checks | 4/4 evidenced checks |
Data lineage: Yahoo Finance public market and reported-statement data; retrieval timestamp: 2026-08-18 16:33:27.572649 UTC; latest reported fiscal period: 2025-12-31 00:00:00. Default assumptions: five-year forecast, mid-year discounting for explicit FCFF, a maximum 2.50% perpetuity-growth rate below both WACC and the risk-free rate, historical operating-ratio persistence, and capex convergence to D&A by year five. No sell-side consensus or management guidance is substituted for reported inputs. This is research and analysis only, not personalized financial advice.
2.7 Quantitative Factor Diagnostics
Factor-model exception: No verified adjusted-close issuer series is available for factor regression. No Fama–French loading or alpha estimate is published on an incomplete basis.